Ngā mākete ahuwhenua o te ao e anga whakamua ana ki te tau 2035: mā te hangarau e akiaki i te whaihua me te hurihanga tauwhiro

Te Mākete Ahuwhenua o te Ao e Anga Atu ana ki te Tau 2035: Nā te Hangarau te Whakapiki i te Mahi me te Panonitanga Tauwhiro

Ko te Hangarau, te Āhuarangi me te Tono e Hōu ana i te Whenua Ahuwhenua o te Ao

E ai ki te pūrongo ‘Agriculture Market Size, Share - Forecast To 2035’ i whakaputaina e MarketGrowthReports, e matapaetia ana ka piki te mākete ahuwhenua o te ao mai i te 3362.1 miriona tāra i te tau 2026 ki te 5022.28 miriona tāra i te tau 2035, me te tupu ā-tau (CAGR) e 4.56%. Ko te take o tēnei pikinga, ko te pikinga mārō o te hiahia kai nā te taupori o te ao i eke ki runga ake i te 8 piriona, me te kuhu haere tonu o te hangarau ahuwhenua (AgriTech) ki te taha o te whaihua me te tauwhiro.

E whakaatu ana te pūrongo, neke atu i te 570 miriona ngā pāmu o te ao, e tautoko ana i te oranga o te 2.5 piriona tāngata; neke atu i te 4.8 piriona heketea te whenua ahuwhenua, ā, tata ki te 1.5 piriona heketea he whenua whakatō kai. I te tau 2023, neke atu i te 2.8 piriona tone mētara te hua pata o te ao; ko te kānga te mea nui rawa atu, neke atu i te 1.2 piriona tone mētara. E 340 miriona tone mētara te hua mīti, ā, e 130 miriona tone mētara te hua whāngai ika me te kaimoana. I taua tau, neke atu i te 2 piriona tone mētara te hokohoko ahuwhenua. E kore noa iho te pūnaha ahuwhenua e whakarato kai, engari ia tau, neke atu i te 100 miriona tone mētara ngā rauemi māpara koiora, ā, he puna rauemi mātāmua hoki mō ngā ahumahi whatu, kōpaki me te rongoā.

Te Ahuwhenua Tōtika me te AI: Te Pūtake Matua o te Whakapiki Mahi

E huri ana te whakaurunga hangarau i te ahuwhenua tuku iho, ā, i te tere kāhore i kitea i mua. E ai ki te pūrongo, i te tau 2023, neke atu i te 21% te pikinga o te whakamahinga o te ahuwhenua tōtika (Precision Agriculture), ā, neke atu i te 300 miriona heketea whenua kei raro i te mātaki matihiko. I roto i ngā pāmu nunui o te ao, neke atu i te 25% kei te whakamahi i ngā waka rererangi kore kaiurungi, i ngā mīhini whakatere GPS, me ngā pūnaha whakamākū mātau. Nā te whakamahinga o te Agricultural AI me te Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT), kua piki te whaihua o te whakamahinga wai ki te 35% i ngā rohe whai hua nui, ā, kua piki te hua māra ki te 18%.

E whakaatu ana ēnei tatauranga, kua kore te ahuwhenua e whakawhirinaki noa ki te wheako, engari kua huri haere hei ahumahi e ākina ana e te raraunga. Mai i te mātai tawhiti ā-āraitanga, ngā pūoko oneone, ki ngā taputapu aunoa, kei te whakahekehia e te ahuwhenua tōtika ngā utu whakauru, ā, i te wā kotahi, e urupare ana ki ngā panonitanga taiao mā te whakahaere ā-āhua. Inā rā, i runga i te iti haere o te wai, he mea nui te whakamahinga whānui o te whakamākū mātau mō ngā rohe mātoretore.

Te Ahuwhenua Tauwhiro e Neke Mai ana i te Taha ki te Matua

Ko ngā kaihoko me ngā kaupapa here te take o te whakatipu o te ahuwhenua tauwhiro (Sustainable Farming). E whakaatu ana te pūrongo, kua piki te rahi o ngā whenua ahuwhenua pararopi kua whakamanahia i te ao, mai i te 72 miriona heketea i te tau 2022 ki te 78 miriona heketea i te tau 2023; ko Ūropi me Āhia te 65% o tēnei rahi. I taua wā, neke atu i te 40 whenua e whakamahi ana i ngā mahi ahuwhenua waro me te ahuwhenua whakahou (Regenerative Agriculture), ā, e 180 miriona heketea te rahi kua kapi. Kei te piki haere anō ngā whare ahuwhenua poutū me ngā whakaurunga whakatipu wai (hydroponics) ki ngā rohe tāone, ā, i te tau 2023, neke atu i te 100,000 ngā pāmu poutū o te ao.I roto i te ahumahi whāngai kararehe, kua whakauruhia ngā pūnaha whāngai aunoa ki neke atu i te 50,000 pāmu kararehe nunui, me te aronga matua ko te whakapai ake i te kai whāngai me ngā mahi auaha mō te hauora kararehe. Nā te whakawhānuitanga o ngā mahi ahumoana o te ao i te tonga-rāwhiti o Āhia me Amerika Latina, i piki ai te whakaputanga mā te 9.6 ōrau, hei tāpiritanga mō te whakarato pūmua.

Te Mōrearea Āhuarangi me ngā Here Rauemi: Ngā Pēhanga Whakaheke Kāore e Taea te Whakahawea

Heoi anō, kei te aro atu te tipuranga o te ahuwhenua ki ngā here taiao tino mārō. E ai ki te pūrongo, neke atu i te 70 ōrau o ngā rawa wai māori o te ao e pau ana i te ahuwhenua, ā, ko te hekenga o te taumata o te wai i raro i te whenua e whakararu ana i ngā pūnaha whakamākū. I te tau 2023, neke atu i te 25 whenua i pāngia e te tauraki, ā, neke atu i te 40 miriona tone ngā hua whenua i ngaro. Ko ngā huarere tino taikaha nā te panonitanga āhuarangi e whakakaha ake ana i te mōrea – ko ngā waipuke i Pākistana i taua tau i ūkui atu i te 1.4 miriona heketea o ngā māra. I roto i ngā tau e rima kua pahure, nā te pikinga o te mahana, kua heke te whakaputanga o te kānga me te witi i ētahi rohe mā te 5 ki te 10 ōrau.

I roto i tēnei horopaki, kua kitea te hiranga o te whakahaere mōrea ahuwhenua me ngā hangarau urutau āhuarangi. Mā roto i te whakapai ake i ngā momo tipu, te whakamākū tōtika me ngā tikanga inihua, kei te hangaia e te mekameka umanga tētahi pūnaha whakaputa mārō ake.

Te Haumi me te Kaupapahere: E Rere Ana Te Moni Ki Hea?

Ko te Hangarau Ahuwhenua (AgriTech) te wāhanga e tino arohia ana e ngā kaipupuri pūtea o te ao. I te tau 2023, neke atu i te 18 piriona tāra te haumi i riro i ngā kamupene hangarau ahuwhenua hou o te ao, ko te aronga matua ko te whakatika ira, te whakamākū atamai me te aroturuki hua mā te peerangi. Neke atu i te 400 ngā otinga hou mō te mārōtanga āhuarangi me te whakapiki hua i whakaputaina katoatia e ngā kamupene hou o Amerika, Īnia me Irāhara.

Kei te anga hoki ngā kaupapahere a te kāwanatanga ki te ahuwhenua kākāriki. I raro i te anga o te Kaupapahere Ahuwhenua Ngātahi a te Uniana o Ūropi, neke atu i te 50 piriona tāra i whakaritea mō ngā mahi kākāriki. Mā ngā kaupapa pūtea āwhina me ngā kaupapa whakatairanga puta noa i te ao, kei te akiakihia ngā kaipāmu ki te huri ki ngā tikanga whakaputa toitū ake.

Ngā Pānga ki te Ahumahi

Mā tēnei pūrongo, ka kitea e tātou ētahi ia matua e hanga anō ana i te ahumahi ahuwhenua:

• Te whaihua o te mahi whakaputa me te tipu o ngā hua: Mā te whakamahi whānui o te AI, te Ipurongo o ngā Mea (IoT) me ngā hangarau aunoa, ka taea e te ahuwhenua o te ao te whakanui haere tonu i te whakaputanga ahakoa te iti o te whenua me te wai, e whakaiti ana i te pēhanga ki te haumarutanga kai (Food Security).
• Te panonitanga o te aratau whakahaere pāmu: Mā te aroturuki matihiko me ngā taputapu atamai, kei te anga ngā pāmu nunui ki te whakahaere mā te iti o te hunga mahi, ā, ko ngā momo mahi whakaputa hou pēnei i ngā pāmu poutū kei te whakarerekē i te whakawhirinaki tuku iho ki te whenua.
• Te hurihanga o te hanganga kaimahi: I te pikinga o te aunoatanga, ka huri te hiahia kaimahi ahuwhenua mai i te mahi a tinana ki te whakahaere hangarau me te tātari raraunga, ka ākina pea te whanaketanga o te mātauranga ahuwhenua me te ahumahi ratonga.
• Te hanganga anō o te mekameka tuku kai: I te tau 2023, i piki te nui o ngā tauhokohoko ipurangi ahuwhenua mā te 14 ōrau, kua eke ki te 2.5 piriona ngā tauhokohoko, e tohu ana kei te matihiko, kei te poto haere te mekameka tuku kai o te ao (Global Food Supply Chain), ā, kua tika ake te hononga i waenga i te whakaputa me te kai.
• Te āhua o te tauhokohoko ā-ao: Neke atu i te 55 ōrau o te kai o te ao e pau ana i Āhia, ā, neke atu i te 550 miriona tone te kai e whakaputaina ana ia tau e Haina. Ka noho tonu te mahi tahi ahuwhenua ā-rohe me ngā rerenga tauhokohoko e hāngai ana ki te tipu o te taupori me te tohatoha o te kaha hoko.Mō ngā umanga ahuwhenua, te hunga whakangao moni me ngā kaihanga kaupapa here, ko te māramatanga ki ēnei āhuatanga te mea matua kia mau ai ngā whai wāhitanga ā muri ake.

Ngā Tirohanga Whakamua

E titiro ana ki ngā tau e 3 ki te 5 kei te heke mai, ka whanake te mākete ahuwhenua o te ao ki ētahi aronga matua:

• Te Hōhonutanga o te Ahuwhenua Āunoa：Nā te hekenga o te utu o ngā pūoko me te whakapai ake i ngā hātepe AI, ka horapa pea te ahuwhenua tōtika mai i te 25% o ngā pāmu nunui ki ngā pāmu waenga; ko te Ahuwhenua Mātatau (Smart Farming) me ngā mīhini ahuwhenua āunoa ka noho hei taputapu matua.
• Te Whakawhitinga o te Pūmua Whakakapi me te Hangarau Kai：Ahakoa e arotahi ana te pūrongo ki te ahuwhenua tuku iho, me aro atu ki te hanumi o te ahumahi kararehe me te Hangarau Kai (FoodTech); mā ngā mahi āunoa me ngā auahatanga hauora kararehe e whakatakoto huarahi hōu mō te tuku pūmua.
• Te Whakamoni i te Ahuwhenua Waro：Nā te pakari o ngā tikanga hokohoko waro, ka taea pea te huri o te ahuwhenua whakaora whenua mai i te utu hei pūtake whiwhinga moni, ā, ka whakatenatena anō i ngā mahi whakapai oneone me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro.
• Te Pikinga o ngā Haumitanga mō te Pakari o te Āhuarangi：I roto i te maha haere o ngā huarere tino kino, ka noho ngā hua e urutau ana ki te āhuarangi, te whakamākū mātatau me te inihua ahuwhenua hei kaupapa matua mō ngā haumitanga.
• Ka noho ngā Paepae Raraunga hei Hanganga Matua Hōu：Ka hono ngā paepae raraunga ahuwhenua me ngā ratonga SaaS i te whakaputanga, te mekameka tuku me te pūtea, kia rite ki te whatunga hiko, e whakapiki ake ai i te māramatanga me te kaha whakatau take o te pūnaha katoa.

Kei te piki tonu te hiahia kai o te ao; me whakatutuki te ahuwhenua i te tipuranga, i runga i te tikanga kia kaua e whakawhānui i te tapuwae taiao. Ko te hangarau tētahi wāhanga o te whakautu, engari mō te anamata toitū pono, me mahi ngātahi te kaupapa here, te pūtea me te mekameka umanga i roto i te pūnaha kati.

Kupu Whakamutunga

Ko te tipuranga o te mākete ahuwhenua, ehara i te mea he whakarahi noa i ngā whika rahi, engari he huringa hōhonu o ngā tikanga whakaputa me te pūnaha kai o te ao. Mai i te ahuwhenua tōtika ki ngā mahi whakaora whenua, mai i ngā taputapu mātatau ki ngā paepae raraunga, kei te haere te ahuwhenua i roto i tētahi hurihanga whaihua, hūmarie, hōhonu hoki. Mō ngā kaiuru katoa, ko te mārama ki ēnei āhuatanga me te whakatau haumitanga mō te wā roa, koia te mea matua hei whakautu i ngā wero kai ā muri ake.