Ahuwhenua tūtohu āwhiorangi: Me pēhea te whakahou i te āhua o te whakaputa kai o te ao

Aro whāiti mā ngā amiorangi mō te ahuwhenua: Te hurihanga atamai mai i te rangi ki te oneone

Kei te pēhia te ahuwhenua o te ao i ngā taumahatanga e rua: e tika ana kia whāngai i te tata ki te 10 piriona tangata i te tau 2050, ā, me whakautu hoki i ngā wero o te huringa āhuarangi. Kāore e taea e ngā tikanga ahuwhenua tawhito te whakatutuki i te hiahia 40% o te whakapikinga māra i ngā tau e heke mai. I raro i tēnei horopaki, ko te aro whāiti mā ngā amiorangi mō te ahuwhenua — he pūnaha hangarau e whakakotahi ana i te rorohiko tawhiti, te mātauranga horihori (AI) me te tātari raraunga nui — e kaha ana hei pūtake o te panonitanga ahuwhenua.

Tikanga hangarau: Ngā “kanohi” o te rangi e tere ana, e mārama ana te kite

Ko te pūtake o te aro whāiti mā ngā amiorangi mō te ahuwhenua ko te whakaahua ira-rua maha, e tere ana te auau, e mārama ana te taumira. Ko ngā kamupene pērā i a Planet Labs kua whakatakoto i tētahi kāhui 450 amiorangi, e kohi ana i ngā whakaahua mata o te whenua neke atu i te 3.5 miriona kiromita tapawhā i ia rā, me te taumira 3.7 mita. I muri i te tukatuka i ēnei whakaahua mā ngā hātepee pērā i te Tohu Tipuranga Ōrite (NDVI), ka taea te whakaatu tika i te hauora o ngā tipu, te pēhanga wai, te kore kai, me ngā tohu moata o ngā mate me ngā ngarara. Ka hono tahi ki te AI me te ako mīhini, ka hurihia ngā raraunga taketake hei tohutohu whakahaere māra ka taea te whakamahi, pērā i te whakawairakau taurangi, te whakamakuku tika, me te ārai mate me ngā ngarara i ngā wāhi motuhake.

Hua ōhanga: He iti ake te whakapau, he nui ake te putanga

E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga whakamahinga, he nui ngā hua ōhanga ka whiwhi mai i te aro whāiti mā ngā amiorangi mō te ahuwhenua. Ka taea te whakaiti i te whakamahinga tongrawai 10% ki 30%, ā, kāore te putanga e heke, engari ka piki 8% ki 15%; ka penapena te utu patupaiarehe mō ia 1,000 eka i te $12,000 tata. Ka piki te whakamahinga wai 5%, ka heke te whakapau wahie 7%, e pēnei ana te penapena mō ia mano eka i ia tau $4,000. E ai ki te rangahau 444 i te marama o Kohi-tātea 2026 i te puka *Nature*, ka taea e ngā hangarau āhuarangi-mātau te whakaiti i te whakamahinga tongrawai 36% ki 60%, i te wā e mau tonu ana te putanga toharite. Kāore ēnei whakapaitanga e whakaiti noa i ngā utu whakahaere, engari ka whakaiti hoki i te pānga o te ahuwhenua ki te taiao.

Pānga ahumahi: Te whakapiki i te pai me te whanaketanga tautōhito

Kei te huri te aro whāiti mā ngā amiorangi mō te ahuwhenua i ngā tikanga whakahaere pāmu. Mai i te whakahaere whānui e whirinaki ana ki te tirotiro ā-ringa, ki te whakatau tika e ārahina ana e te raraunga, ka taea e ngā pāmu te aroturuki i ngā hiahia o ia whenua i ia wā, ka whakatinana i te “kaupapa motuhake mō ia whenua”. He hōhonu te pānga o tēnei panonitanga ki te hanganga kaimahi: i tētahi taha, ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā mahi tinana kaha; i tētahi taha, ka whakatipu i ngā tūranga hou pērā i te pūtaiao raraunga, te kaitohutohu hangarau ahuwhenua. I te taha whakahaere rawa, ka āwhina ngā matapae putanga tika ake i te whakamahere whakawhiti me te whakatau utu mākete, me te whakaiti i te ururua.

Mai i te tirohanga whanaketanga tautōhito, ka whakaiti te whakapau tika i te rere haumene hāora me te kukū hauhā kānawehi, ka tiakina te kanorau koiora o te oneone. Ka taea e te ahuwhenua whakaora (pērā i te kore parau, ngā tipu uhi) me te aroturuki amiorangi te whakatau i te nui o te mau waro, e whakarato ana i te pātūtū raraunga pono mō te ahuwhenua waro.

Hanganga mākete me ngā kaiwhakauru matua

E matapaetia ana ka eke te mākete whakaahua amiorangi aroturuki ahuwhenua o te ao ki te $710 miriona i te tau 2032, me te pikinga pūhui tau 5.2%. Ko te mākete o Amerika ki te Raki e tere ake ana te tipu, ki te 9.6%. Ko ngā kaiwhakauru matua:

• Planet Labs: He whakarato whakaahua kapi o te ao i ia rā, e $100 miriona te whiwhinga moni ā-tau i te tau 2022, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te aroturuki māra nui.- Planet Labs: He whakarato i ngā whakaahua o te ao katoa ia rā, i te tau 2022 he $100 miriona te whiwhi moni, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te tirotiro i ngā māra whānui.
• EOS Data Analytics: E aro nui ana ki te tātari whakaahua tino mārama, e whakarato ana i te taupū tipu, te mākū o te oneone, te whai i ngā mate tipu me ngā pepeke, me ngā tohutohu whakawairakau rerekē.
• Trimble: Mā te hangarau RTX e taea ai te tautuhi wāhi tino tika i te wā tūturu, e tautoko ana i te whakaterenga tika me te mahi aunoa a ngā taputapu ahuwhenua.
• Ētahi atu: Kei a Earth-i, UrtheCast, Satellite Imaging Corporation me ētahi atu he wāhi i roto i ngā āhuatanga motuhake.

Kei te hanga ēnei kamupene i te mekameka raraunga "mai i te rangi ki te whenua" mā te mahi tahi, pērā i te whakakotahi i te raraunga āmiorangi me ngā whakaahua drone, ngā pūoko whenua, kia whakatutukihia te tirotiro kore mutu mai i te tirohanga whānui ki te tirohanga iti.

Te titiro whakamua: He tupono, he wero hoki

I roto i ngā tau 3-5 kei te heke mai, ka neke te ahuwhenua tika āmiorangi ki ngā auau teitei ake (maha ngā wā ia rā), te taumira teitei ake (taumira i raro i te mita), me ngā tauira whakatau mātau ake. I te pakeketanga o ngā algorithm AI, ka taea e te pūnaha te tautoko aunoa i ngā taumahatanga tipu me te whakaputa i te mahere whakahaere, tae atu ki te matapae i te hua me te matapihi hauhake pai rawa atu. Mā te hono o ngā karetao ahuwhenua, ngā taputapu ahuwhenua kore tangata me te raraunga āmiorangi, e tūmanakohia ai te whakatutukitanga o ngā mahi māra aunoa katoa.

Heoi, kei te anga tonu ki ngā ārai. Tuatahi, ko te utu whakapau tuatahi, mō ngā kaipāmu iti, ko te utu ohauru āmiorangi, te whakauru pūmanawa, me te utu whakangungu pea hei ārai. Tuarua, ko te uaua o te whakakotahi raraunga, me whakakotahi te tātari i ngā raraunga maha pērā i te āmiorangi, drone, IoT me ētahi atu. Tuatoru, ko te tūmataiti me te mana o te raraunga, me whakatau he paerewa ahumahi mārama.

Ahakoa ngā wero, i raro i te piki haere o te hiahia kai o te ao me ngā whāinga whanaketanga toitū, e matapaetia ana ka piki haere tonu te reanga whakamahi o te ahuwhenua tika āmiorangi. Ehara i te mea he whakakōkiri noa iho mō te whaihua whakaputa, engari he pou matua hoki mō te hanga pūnaha kai o te ao e kaha ake ana.