Tirohanga mākete ahuwhenua atamai 2034: Kei te tere haere te panonitanga ahuwhenua e ākina ana e te raraunga

Te Tirohanga Maakete Ahuwhenua Atamai 2034: Kei te Tere haere te Panonitanga Ahuwhenua nā te Raraunga

*Mai i te 20 piriona tāra ki te 46.9 piriona tāra, kua tae mai te wā whakawhiti o te ahuwhenua matihiko*

Kei te whai wāhi te ahuwhenua o te ao ki tētahi panonitanga hōhonu e ākina ana e te raraunga. E ai ki te pūrongo hou a te umanga rangahau mākete Marketdataforecast, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake te rahi o te maakete ahuwhenua atamai mai i te 20.05 piriona tāra i te tau 2025 ki te 46.89 piriona tāra hei te tau 2034, me te tere tipu ā-tau o te 9.9 paihēneti. Kei muri i ēnei tatauranga te hurihanga nui o ngā tikanga whakaputa kai, mai i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wheako ki te whakawhirinaki ki te raraunga me te whakaaunoa.

Tirohanga Maakete: Mai i te Whakamātau ki te Whakarahi

E whakaahua ana te pūrongo i te ahuwhenua atamai ko te whakaurunga o ngā pūoko IoT, pūkenga horihori, whakaahua ā-āmaru, me te tātari raraunga ki ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua. Ko tōna whāinga matua ko te whakapiki i te whakaputanga, te whakamahi rawa, me te tauwhiro o te taiao. E rerekē ana i ngā tikanga whakahaere ahuwhenua tuku iho, mā te aroturuki i ia wā, te whakatau aunoa, me te whakapau rawa tika, kua tautuhi anō te ahuwhenua atamai i te aronga taketake o te whakaputa kai. Heoi, e kitea ana te tino koretake o tēnei panonitanga puta noa i te ao. E ai ki ngā raraunga a te FAO (Te Whakahaere Kai me te Ahuwhenua o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao), neke atu i te 500 miriona kaipāmu iti e whakaputa ana i te 80 ōrau o ngā kai i Āhia me Āwherika i raro i te Sahara, engari he tokomaha o rātou kāore e whiwhi noa ki ngā raraunga ahuwhenua tino taketake. I taua wā anō, e whakaaro ana te ITU (Te Kotahitanga Waea o te Ao) e 27 ōrau anake o te taupori o ngā whenua e whakawhanake ana i ngā rohe taiwhenua e uru ana ki te whatunga aunui, ā, koinei tētahi ārai matua mō te whakatakoto o te ahuwhenua atamai. Engari, ko ngā whenua whai rawa nui pērā i Hōrana me Iharaira, nā ngā pūnaha whakamākū e ākina ana e ngā pūoko, kua eke ki te neke atu i te 90 ōrau te pai o te whakamahi wai i roto i te ahuwhenua ā-whare. E whakaatu ana ēnei āhuatanga, ehara te ahuwhenua atamai i te taha hangarau noa iho, engari he whakautu hanganga nā te ahuwhenua o te ao mō ngā pēhitanga maha e pā ana ki te whenua, ki te wai, ki ngā kaimahi, me te manawaroa ki te hurihanga āhuarangi.

Ngā Pūtake: Te Taka Kaimahi me te Ū ki ngā Herenga Taiao

Ko te taka kaimahi tētahi kaha nui e ākina ana te tipu o te maakete ahuwhenua atamai. I ngā ōhanga whakawhanake, kei te kaha haere te raruraru o te koroheketanga o ngā kaimahi ahuwhenua me te heke o ngā taitamariki. E ai ki ngā raraunga a te Eurostat, i te tau 2023 he 56 te tau toharite o ngā kaipāmu Uropi, me te neke atu i te 30 ōrau o rātou e 65 tau ki runga ake, ko te hunga i raro i te 35 tau hoki e iti iho ana i te 6 ōrau. I kite hoki te Tari Ahuwhenua o Amerika, mai i te tau 2010 ki te 2022, heke iho te tini o ngā kaimahi ahuwhenua utunga e 20 ōrau, nā te panonitanga o te hanganga taupori me te whakatiki o ngā kaupapa here manene. Nā te korenga o ngā kaimahi, ka huri ngā kaihanga ki ngā otinga whakaaunoa, pērā i ngā tarakihana aunoa, ngā mīhini hauhake karetao, me ngā tirotiro māra mā ngā drone. E ai ki te pūrongo a te Manatū Ahuwhenua, Ngaherehere me te Ika o Hapani, tae atu ki te tau 2024, neke atu i te 250,000 karetao ahuwhenua kua whakamahia hei whakatutuki i te taka kaimahi i te whakaputanga raihi me ngā hua rākau. Kua tuhia hoki e te Whakakotahitanga Kaipāmu o Ahitereiria, mai i te tau 2021 ki te 2023, piki ake te 35 ōrau o ngā haumitanga whakaaunoa ā-pāmu i ngā rohe tuawhenua.Waihoki, ko te pēhitanga o te taiao te mea i whakatere i te whakatinanatanga o te ahuwhenua atamai. E ai ki te Rōpū Taiao o Uropi, ko te ahuwhenua te 10 ōrau o ngā tukunga hau kati katoa o Te Kotahitanga o Uropi, ā, ko te tukunga o te nitrous oxide nā te nui o te whakamahinga o ngā tonga hauota i ngā māra, e 56 ōrau o ngā tukunga mai i ngā māra. I kitea e te kaupapa hau kati ahuwhenua o Kānata, ko ngā pāmu e whakamahi ana i te aroturuki hauota i ia wā, i heke te rerenga matūkai tae atu ki te 30 ōrau, ahakoa kāore i heke te hua. E hono ana te Manatū Ahu Matua o Aotearoa i ngā pūnaha whakamākū atamai ki te hekenga toharite 22 ōrau o te whakamahinga wai i ngā pāmu kau i te tau 2023. E whakaatu ana ēnei tauira, ko te ahuwhenua atamai he taputapu whaihua hei whakatutuki i ngā herenga taiao, e taea ai e ngā kaipāmu te pupuri i te whaihua moni i te wā e tutuki ana ngā paearu whakahaere.

Ngā here: te paepae whakangao me te āputa matihiko

Heoi anō, he nui tonu ngā arai kei mua i te horahanga o te ahuwhenua atamai. E ai ki ngā raraunga a te Pēke o te Ao, o te 570 miriona pāmu o te ao, tata ki te 84 ōrau he iti iho te rahi o te whenua i te rua heketea, ā, he iti te moni a ēnei kaipāmu iti, he iti hoki te huarahi ki te nama ōkawa. E whakatau ana te International Food Policy Research Institute, ko te utu mō te whakauru i tētahi huinga pūoko IoT, taputapu whakamahi tonga rerekē, me ngā pūrere hono, kei waenganui i te 15,000 ki te 50,000 tāra mō ia pāmu. E ai ki te Pēke Rahui o Īnia, i te tau 2023, 28 ōrau noa iho o ngā kaipāmu iti i whiwhi tautoko pūtea ōkawa, nā reira he uaua te whakatutuki i ēnei utu. Ahakoa i ngā whenua whakawhanake, kāore te āhuatanga i te pai: e ai ki te Tari Ahuwhenua o te Hononga o Amerika, i ngā pāmu iti iho i te 500 eka, he iti iho i te 15 ōrau e whakamahi ana i ngā papaaho matihiko whakakotahi. Ki te kore he tauira pūtea ka taea te whakanui, he kōwhiringa rīhi taputapu, he pūtea āwhina a te kāwanatanga rānei, ka noho tonu ēnei hangarau ki ngā pāmu arumoni nui, ka whakanui ake i te āputa matihiko i te ao ahuwhenua.

Ko te kore o ngā hanganga matihiko taiwhenua tētahi atu here nui. E ai ki ngā raraunga a te Uniana Waea o te Ao, i te tau 2024, 34 ōrau noa iho o te taupori taiwhenua o Amerika Latina e āhei ana ki te whakamahi i te whatunga 4G, ā, ko Āwherika he 19 ōrau noa iho. I te tonga o Ahia, neke atu i te 60 ōrau o ngā rohe whakatō raihana i Kambodia, Raoso me Būma kāore i te whiwhi i te kapinga aunui pūkoro pūmau. Ahakoa i roto i te Kotahitanga o Uropi, e whakaae ana te Komihana o Uropi i tāna Pūtohu Ohanga Matihiko me Hapori 2023, e 18 ōrau tonu o ngā hapori taiwhenua kāore i te whai i te aunui whakatakoto neke atu i te 30Mbps, ā, ka taea e tēnei te aukati i te tuku raraunga i ia wā tonu mai i ngā pūoko maha. Ki te kore he hononga pūmau, kāore e taea te aroturuki mamao, te tātari matapae, me te mahi tahi o ngā taputapu aunoa, nā reira ka iti haere te whaihua o ngā otinga atamai.

Ngā āheinga hou: te mahi tahi tūmatanui-motuhake me ngā kāhei waro

Ahakoa he wero, kei te whakatuwhera ngā mahi tahi tūmatanui-tūmataiti i ngā wāhi tipu hou mō te ahuwhenua mātuatua. I te tau 2024, i tohaina e Te Komihana o Ūropi te pūtea 210 miriona euro mā te ‘Hōtaka Matihiko o Ūropi’ hei tautoko i ngā pokapū matihiko auaha kia whakarato i ngā papa raraunga tiritiri me ngā pāmu whakaatu mā ngā kaipāmu. Kei te mahi tahi te Manatū Hangarau Pārongo me te Ihirangi o Inia me Tata Consultancy Services me ITC, kia tae atu ki te tau 2025, kia horahia ngā pūnaha tohutohu ahuwhenua ā-rohe mā ngā kaipāmu iti neke atu i te 7 miriona. Mā te Kaupapa a Motu o Kenia mō te Whakatipu Āhuwhenua me te Whakaurunga Taiwhenua, ka whakakotahihia ngā ratonga tohutohu ā-peerangi ki ngā papa utu mā pūkoro, e whakarato ana i ngā whakatūpatotanga huarere wā tūturu me ngā whakatūpatotanga mō ngā mate me ngā riha ki te 1.2 miriona kaipāmu. Mā ēnei mahi tahi ka iti ake ngā tūponotanga me ngā utu mā te kaipāmu takitahi, ā, ka whakaritea hoki kia urutau ngā otinga ki ngā reo me ngā āhuatanga hononga o te rohe.

Ko te whakakotahitanga o ngā tikanga whiwhi waro me te ahuwhenua mātuatua tētahi ia e tika ana kia āta tirohia. Ko Verra, te umanga paerewa waro tūao nui rawa o te ao, kua rēhita i te tau 2024 i neke atu i te 120 kaupapa waro ahuwhenua puta noa i te ao, ā, hei ine i te tāpui waro ki te oneone me ngā whakahekenga tukunga, me whai pūnaha aroturuki mātuatua. E ai ki ngā raraunga a Indigo Ag o Amerika, i te tau 2023 ko ngā pāmu e whakamahi ana i tā rātou papa matihiko i whakaū i ngā whakahekenga tukunga e rite ana ki te 1.8 miriona tana mētara o te hauhā, ā, i riro ai i ngā kaipāmu he moni waro e 20 tāra mō ia tana. Ko te kaupapa ahuwhenua waro o Ahitereiria e whakamahi ana i ngā pūoko makuku oneone me te tātari i ngā tipu uhi, ā, kua whakamanahia neke atu i te 3,000 pāmu i te tau 2024. Ko te ‘Anga Whakamana Whakakore Waro’ a te EU e tata mai ana, ka kaha ake te whakapūmau i tēnei hononga, me te whakarite kia pakari ngā pūkete whai raraunga a ngā kaupapa.Ki te titiro whakamua i ngā tau 2026-2034, ka neke te mākete ahuwhenua atamai mai i te wāhanga whakatakoto taputapu ki te wāhanga whakauru pūnaha. Ko te hototahi o ngā raraunga me te haumarutanga ipurangi ngā āhuatanga matua e rua e whakatau ana i te tere horapa o te hangarau. I tēnei wā, ko te wehewehe o te taiao raraunga ahuwhenua te mea e tino āraitia ana te whakaurunga hangarau. E ai ki te Open Ag Data Alliance, i te tau 2024, iti iho i te 30 ōrau o ngā pūnaha whakahaere pāmu arumoni e tautoko ana i ngā hōputu whakawhiti raraunga noa (pērā i te anga ADAPT a AgGateway). Inā whakamahi ngā kaipāmu i ngā taputapu mai i ngā kaihanga rerekē, ka raru rātou i ngā moutere raraunga. I kitea e te European Joint Research Centre, 68 ōrau o ngā kaipāmu Uropi kua whakarere i tētahi taputapu matihiko kotahi neke atu nā te uaua o te whakauru me te tuhi raraunga tāruarua. E ai ki te rangahau a Purdue University, ko ngā pāmu e whakahaere ana i ngā papa matihiko neke atu i te toru, e hiahiatia ana te 5.5 hāora toharite ia wiki ki te tirotiro i ngā raraunga kāore i ōrite. Nā tēnei wehewehenga ka piki te taumaha o te hinengaro, ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā māramatanga aunoa.

I taua wā anō, ka puta mai ngā tūpono haumaru hōu i te whakamātihiko o ngā pūnaha ahuwhenua. I tuhia e te U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency e 47 ngā mahi whakaeke ipurangi i te tau 2023 e aro ana ki ngā umanga ahuwhenua o te whenua, tae atu ki ngā whakaeke ransomware e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere o ngā kāhui witi me te tinihanga i ngā tohu GPS o ngā mīhini whakahaere aunoa. E ai ki te German Federal Office for Information Security, kua piki te 40 ōrau o ngā whakaeke phishing e aro ana ki ngā kāhui pāmu e whakamahi ana i ngā tūāpapa whakamākū kapua, inā whakatauritea ki te tau o mua. Nā te kore o ngā paerewa haumarutanga ipurangi whānui mō te rāngai ahuwhenua, kua piki ake tēnei hei take pūnaha.

Mō ngā tau 3-5 e heke mai nei, ko te AI ahuwhenua ka neke mai i te tautoko i ngā whakatau ki te mahi aunoa. Ko te whānuitanga o te edge computing me te 5G ka whakaputa anō i te pūmanawa o te tātari raraunga wā-tūturu. Ka eke ngā karetao ahuwhenua ki te taumata teitei ake o te mahi aunoa i ngā mahi hauhake, patu taru, me ērā atu. Ko ngā haumitanga pūtea ka nui ake te rere ki ngā umanga tūāpapa e whai kaha ana ki te whakauru raraunga me ngā otinga haumaru, kaua ki ngā taputapu hāngai anake. I te wā kotahi, ko te tipu o te hiahia kai o te ao me te mōrea o te panoni āhuarangi ka ākina ngā kāwanatanga me ngā umanga maha ake kia whakauru i te ahuwhenua atamai ki roto i ngā rautaki haumaru kai ā-motu. Ko ngā taputapu kaupapahere pērā i te anga whakamana tango waro a te EU me te kaupapa ahuwhenua atamai āhuarangi a te US Department of Agriculture, ka whakatairanga i te ahuwhenua waro hei kaupapa tipu hōu.