Kōtaha etita
Senior Editor, Sustainable Farming & Food Security
E whakatewhatewha ana a Maia Te Kahurangi i te ahuwhenua whakaora me tana mahi ki te haumaru kai o te ao. E whai ana ia i nga kaupapa here huarere.
maia.tekahurangi@agritechreview.comI runga i tētahi pūrongo mākete o te ao e kapi ana i ngā kamupene neke atu i te 500, mai i te ahuwhenua poutū, te whakatikatika ira, ngā karetao ahuwhenua tae atu ki ngā pūmua kē, e āta whakatakoto ana i ngā ahunga mō ngā haumi hangarau ahuwhenua me ngā panonitanga ahumahi mō ngā tau tekau e heke mai.
2025, i whakaatu tētahi arotake pūnaha: ka taea e te ahuwhenua tōtika te whakapiki i ngā hua mā te 20%-30%, ka penapenā e te ahuwhenua poutū tata ki te 95% o te whenua me te wai, ā, neke atu i te 90% te tika o AI i roto i ngā whakataunga ahuwhenua. Ka taea rānei e te hangarau hou te huri hei whakapumau i te kai mō te ao?
E whakaatu ana te pūrongo a Chatham Institute, ko te hokohoko kai o te ao e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi tauranga me ngā ara waka matua, ā, ko te ua nui me te pikinga o te taumata o te moana e noho ana hei riri nui.
Tēnei tuhinga e ahu mai ana i ngā kitenga a Green Earth mō te ahuwhenua toitū, e tātari ana i te tūranga o te hangarau ahuwhenua i roto i te whakahaere i te pāhekeheke o te taiao, te whakapumau i te haumaru kai, ā, e tirotiro ana hoki i ngā āhuatanga roa o te ahuwhenua tōtika, te ahuwhenua whakahou, me te ahuwhenua waro.
E matapaetia ana kia eke te mākete ahuwhenua AI o te ao ki te 28.6 piriona tāra i te tau 2034; ko te ahuwhenua tōtika, te ahuwhenua atamai me te ahuwhenua matihiko kei te hanga anō i ngā tikanga whakaputa kai. Ka tātarihia e tēnei tuhinga, mai i te tirohanga ahumahi, ngā tūmanako, ngā kaitahuri me ngā pānga wā roa o te AI i roto i te ahuwhenua.
Kua huri te huringa āhuarangi mai i te riri tawhiti ki te tūpono o nāianei, e whakahōu ana i te mahi ahuwhenua me te whakaporearea i ngā pūnaha hokohoko o te ao. Ko tēnei tuhinga, e hāngai ana ki ngā whakaaro o te International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), ka tātari i ngā pānga hōhonu o te huringa āhuarangi ki te ahuwhenua me te mekanera tuku kai o te ao, tae noa ki te tūranga o te hangarau ahuwhenua ki te urutau ki tēnei āhuatanga hou.
E ai ki ngā raraunga a BIMCO, i te tīmatanga o te tau 2026 ka tino piki haere te rahi o ngā kawenga witi i te ao, nā te nui o ngā hua i Amerika ki te Tonga me te whakaoranga o te tauhokohoko i whakakaha ai te mākete o ngā utanga maroke.
Mai i te ahuwhenua pararopi ki ngā pūnaha whakatipu wai, kei te whakarerekē ngā tikanga ahuwhenua e tiaki ana i te taiao i ngā tikanga whakaputa kai o te ao. E tātari ana tēnei tuhinga i ōna pānga ahumahi, te pūmanawa haumi, me ngā āhuatanga kei tua.
Ko te mākete ahuwhenua mōhio o te ao e matapaetia ana ka piki mai i te $20.05 piriona i te tau 2025 ki te $46.89 piriona i te tau 2034, me te tipu whakahiato ā-tau e 9.9%. Ka tātari hōhonu tēnei tuhinga i ngā take e ākina ana te mākete, ngā pānga ahumahi me ngā ia mō roa.
Ka whakapuakina e te Tari Ahuwhenua o Amerika he $12 piriona hei pūtea tautoko whakawhiti mā ngā kaipāmu, hei whakautu i ngā raruraru tauhokohoko me ngā pēhitanga utu. Ka tātaritia e tēnei tuhinga ngā pānga o te kaupapahere, te ahuwhenua e ākina ana e ngā raraunga, me ngā ia whakahaere mōrearea ā-mua, mai i te tirohanga o te hangarau ahuwhenua me te ahumahi o te ao.
Ko te tātaritanga a Te Whare Wānanga o Purdue e whakaatu ana, ko te pānga kaha o te kaha (energy shock) i puta mai i te pakanga ki Īrāna, he tuma kāore i rite te pāpātanga ki te haumaru kai o ngā whenua whai moni iti. Nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te utu waka, te wāhanga o ngā whakapaunga kai, me te korenga o ngā rawa i te mākete o te ao, ka tino taimaha rawa atu te pikaunga ki runga i te hunga tino whakaraerae.
Ko te pūrongo hou a te American Enterprise Institute (AEI) e āta tātari ana i ngā āhua o te kukū o te mākete i roto i ngā ahumahi kākano, tongi me te tukatuka kararehe. E ai ki te pūrongo, he tokoiti ngā kamupene e whakahaere ana i te nuinga o ngā hokonga, e whakaara ana i ngā āwangawanga mō te oranga o ngā kaipāmu me te whakataetae o te mākete, engari ko te kukū pea i ahu mai i ngā ōhanga o te rahi. Mā tēnei tuhinga e whakamārama i tēnei āhuatanga mai i te tirohanga o te hangarau ahuwhenua me te mekameka tuku o te ao.
Ko te whakaaturanga kai ā-ao a SIAL Paris i whakaputa i te pūrongo mō ngā ia kai ā-ao o te tau 2026, e tohu ana i ngā aronga matua tekau, arā, te kai whaihua, te hauora puku, te rerekētanga o ngā kai huaota, me te whāinga kai taupua, hei tohutohu matua mō te auahatanga o te ahumahi kai me te ahuwhenua.
E matapaetia ana te mākete ahuwhenua mātauranga o te ao kia tipu ki te 9.9 ōrau o te tāpae tipu ā-tau, mai i te 200.5 piriona tāra i te tau 2025 ki te 468.9 piriona tāra i te tau 2034. Ka tātaritia e te pūrongo ngā kaikawe, ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga.
Ko tēnei tuhinga e ahu mai ana i ngā matapae a NOAA, e tātari ana i te āhua o te pānga o El Niño ki ngā hua ahuwhenua o te ao mā ngā tikanga matatini, ka piki ai ngā utu kai, ā, e matapaki ana i ōna pānga pea ki te haumarutanga kai, te hokohoko ā-ao, me te whanaketanga o te hangarau ahuwhenua.
E ai ki te pūrongo a Market Research Future, ko te mākete tukatuka kai o te ao e matapaetia ana ka piki mai i te $163.79 piriona i te tau 2024 ki te $559.76 piriona i te tau 2035, ko te CAGR he 11.82%. Ka tātaritia e te tuhinga ngā take matua e rima e whakatairanga ana i te tipuranga me te ahunga o te ahumahi ā muri ake.
Te whakarāpopototanga rangahau matatau: Me pēhea te ahumāra tika, te hangarau koiora, te whakamākū atamai, te aunoa, te pāmu poutū, me te mātauranga horihori e whakapiki ai i te hua o te ahumāra me te whaihua o te whakamahi whenua, me te tātari i ngā wero o te whakatairanga me ngā ahunga e heke mai nei.
Ko te matapae huarere hou e whakaatu ana kei te whakatipu mai tētahi take El Niño ka taea te whawhati i te rekoata, e whakaoho ana i te awangawanga mō te hua o ngā kai, te utu o ngā kai, me te rere o te hokohoko o te ao.
He tātaritanga mō te āhuatanga o te ahuwhenua rauropi i te koraha o Thar i Pakitāne, e whakahaeretia ana e ngā mātauranga tuku iho me ngā mahi hou pērā i te whakamakuku hiko-ā-rā, e waihanga ana i tētahi tauira ahuwhenua whakamana mō ngā rohe mākūkū.
Kei te whakakotahi hohonu te pūkaha mātauranga, ngā drone, me te hangarau ahuwhenua tika, e akiaki ana i te ahuwhenua o te ao ki te tau o te whakaputa mātauranga e whakahaeretia e te raraunga. Ko tēnei tuhinga e tātari ana i tēnei ia e whakahou ana i te tiaki tipu, te whakahaere pāmu, me te pūnaha kai o te ao, mai i te tirohanga o te auahatanga hangarau, te pānga ahumahi, me te whanaketanga tauwhiro.