He aha te take i riro ai te ahuwhenua toitū hei kaupapa matua o te hangarau ahuwhenua o te ao?

Kupu Whakataki

Ko te ahuwhenua te ahumahi nui rawa atu o te ao. I tā WWF kōrero mō te ahuwhenua toitū, e mahi ana tēnei ahumahi i neke atu i te kotahi piriona tāngata, ā, neke atu i te $1.3 tiriona te uara o ngā kai e whakaputaina ana i ia tau. E kapi ana ngā pāmu me ngā whenua māra i tata ki te haurua o ngā whenua nohoia o Papatūānuku, ā, he wāhi noho, he puna kai hoki mō ngā momo tini.

Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ehara i te mea ko te whakarato kai anake ka whakatauhia e ngā tikanga mahi ahuwhenua, engari ka hanga tika hoki i te āhua o te pūnaha rauropi. Ina whakahaerehia te mahi ahuwhenua mā te toitū, ka taea te tiaki me te whakaora i ngā wāhi noho matua, te āwhina ki te tiaki i ngā riunga wai, te whakapai ake i te hauora o te oneone me te kounga o te wai; engari ko ngā tikanga kore toitū ka pā kino ki te tangata me te taiao. I raro i te tipu o te taupori e tere piki ana te hiahia ki ngā hua ahuwhenua, kua huri te whakahaeretanga rauemi toitū mai i te kaupapa whakaaro noa ki te herenga tūturu me whakautu e te ahumahi.

Ngā Herenga e Toru o te Ahuwhenua Toitū

I runga te whakatau a WWF mō te ahuwhenua i ngā hononga e toru: te hononga o te ahuwhenua ki te ōhanga o te ao, ki te hapori tangata, me te kanorau koiora. Nā te tino piri o ēnei hononga, e kiia ana te ahuwhenua tētahi o ngā pae tino nui o te mahi tiaki taiao o te ao.

Nā konei ka taea te whakaraupapa i ngā herenga taketake e toru e pa ana ki te ahuwhenua toitū.

Ko te tuatahi ko te herenga whenua. Kua noho kē ngā pāmu me ngā whenua māra i tata ki te haurua o ngā whenua nohoia o Papatūānuku. Ko te whakawhānui ake i ngā whenua māra he tohu pinepine ki te whakataetae ki ngā wāhi noho māori pērā i ngā ngahere me ngā whenua pātītī, nā konei ko te “whakapiki i te hua mō ia waeine horahanga” kāore ko te “whakawhānui horahanga” te ara whaitake ake.

Ko te tuarua ko te herenga hiahia. I te tipu o te taupori, ka piki tonu te hiahia ki ngā hua ahuwhenua. Ehara te tipu o te hiahia ake i te raru; ko te raru ko te mea ka taea rānei e te taha whakarato te whakatutuki me te kore e whakapiki ake i te pēhanga rauropi.

Ko te tuatoru ko te herenga hanganga taonga hokohoko. Ka whakarārangihia e WWF te mīti kau, te soybean, me ngā hua miraka hei taonga hokohoko matua. Ko ēnei momo taonga he roa ake ngā mekameka whakarato, he nui ake te tapuwae whenua, he māmā ake hoki te hono ki ngā take huringa wāhi noho, nā reira ka noho hei arotahinga mō ngā take toitū.

Te Tūranga o te Hangarau Ahuwhenua i roto i ngā Take Toitū

Mai i te tirohanga o te hangarau ahuwhenua (AgriTech), ehara ēnei herenga i te mea ka taea anake te whakamāmā mā ngā kaupapa here, mā te whakarerekē rānei i te taha kaihoko; ka whakarato hoki te hangarau i ētahi ara mahi ka taea te whakamahi.

Ahuwhenua Tika (Precision Agriculture) Ko tōna aronga matua ko te whakauru i ngā rauemi i runga i te hiahia. Mā te tairongo oneone, te tirohanga mamao ā-rangi, me te hangarau wairākau taurangi rerekē, ka taea e te pāmu te whakatika i te whakamahinga o te wai, te wairākau, me te patu ngārara i runga i ngā rerekētanga o roto o te whenua. Ko tōna hiranga toitū ko te whakaiti i te whakamahi nui o ngā whakauru, nā reira ka heke te pēhanga ki te oneone me ngā wai, ā, ka whakahaeretia ngā utu.

Papa raraunga ahuwhenua me ngā pāmu matihiko ka whakatau i te raru o te kitea. Ina whakaurua ngā tuhinga mahi pāmu, ngā raraunga huarere, me ngā raraunga hua ki tētahi pūnaha kotahi, ka huri te whakahaeretanga pāmu mai i te whakatau mā te wheako ki tētahi hātepe whakatau ka taea te whai me te whakatairite. He mea tino matua tēnei mō te ahuwhenua toitū—ko ngā ine kāore e inehia, he uaua ki te whakapai tonu.Hangarau Atamai mō te Whakamākū me te Penapena Wai Ka hāngai tōtika ki te take tiaki rerenga wai i kōrerotia e WWF. I ngā rohe e kore e rawaka te wai, ko te whakarite whakamākū mai i ngā huringa pūmau ki ngā whakataunga hurihuri e hāngai ana ki te makuku o te oneone me ngā tauira hiahia wai o ngā tipu, he huarahi tūturu hei whakapai ake i te whaihua o te whakamahi rawa wai.

Ahuwhenua Whakaora (Regenerative Agriculture) he tata ake ki te whāinga hauora oneone e whakanuia ana e WWF. Ko ngā mahi pērā i ngā tipu uwhi, te whakaiti, te whakakore rānei i te keri oneone, me te whakawhiti hua kanorau, ko te whāinga kia mau tonu te matū pararopi me te hanganga o te oneone, kia pai ake ai te pupuri wai me te hua roa. Me whakamārama ake, he kaha te whirinaki o te pānga o ēnei mahi ki te rohe; he mārama te rerekē o ngā putanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga huarere me te oneone, nō reira he uaua ki te ine mā te paerewa kotahi.

Ko te raupapa whakarato taonga te horopaki matua mō te whakatinanatanga hangarau

I roto i te mīti kau, te soy, te hua miraka me ētahi atu taonga matua, ehara te take toitū i te raruraru o tētahi pāmu kotahi, engari he raruraru mō te raupapa whakarato katoa.

Ko ngā hua ahuwhenua nui ka haere mā ngā hononga kohikohi, tukatuka, tauhokohoko me ētahi atu, ā, ka uru ki te pūnaha tukatuka kai me te hokohoko. Ko te tikanga, me taea te whaiwhai me te manatoko i ngā oati mō te “whakaputa toitū” i te taumata o te raupapa whakarato. Nō reira, ka noho te aroturuki mamao, te whaiwhai taumata-poraka, me ngā tūāpapa raraunga raupapa whakarato hei taputapu hono i te taha whakaputa me te taha hoko.

Mō te hunga hoko, ko te uara o ēnei taputapu kei te whakaiti i te kore taurite o te mōhio; mō te hunga whakaputa, ko tōna tikanga kei te whakaahei i ngā mahi toitū kia whiwhi hua mākete e mōhiotia ana. Ko te pātai mēnā ka taea e rāua te hanga i tētahi huringa pūmau, ka whakawhirinaki ki te mārama o ngā paerewa raraunga, te tohatoha utu, me ngā pūnaha whakatenatena mākete.

Ngā Pānga Ahumahi

Te whaihua o ngā mahi ahuwhenua. Ko te takoha matua o te whakauru tika me te whakahaere ā-raraunga, kāore pea he pikinga nui o te hua o te kaupeka kotahi, engari ko te whakapai ake i te ōwehenga whakauru-puta me te whakaiti i te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā tau. Mō ngā pāmu nui, he ngāwari ake te ine i tēnei whakapainga.

Te tauira whakahaere pāmu. Mā te whakaurunga o ngā pūoko, ngā drone, me ngā pūmanawa ahuwhenua (ag SaaS), kua kaha ake ngā whakataunga pāmu ki te whirinaki ki ngā raraunga, kāore noa i te wheako. Tērā pea ka neke ngā pāmu mai i te “waeine whakaputa” ki te “hinonga whakahaere ā-raraunga”, ā, ka piki hoki ngā whakaritenga mō te hoko hangarau me te āheinga whakahaere raraunga.

Te hanganga kaimahi ahuwhenua. Ko te aunoatanga me ngā karetao ahuwhenua ka whakakapi i ngā wāhanga tukurua, e nui ana te kaha mahi. I ngā rohe whakaputa e kōpē ana te tuku kaimahi, he kaha ake te hiahia ki ēnei hangarau; i ngā wāhi e nui ana te kaimahi, he iti ake te kaha ki te whakamahi. Nā reira ka kitea te rerekētanga ā-rohe i te tere horapa o te hangarau.

Te raupapa whakarato kai. Mā ngā raraunga taumata-poraka me ngā pūnaha whaiwhai ka piki te mārama o te raupapa whakarato, engari ka piki hoki ngā utu whakaū. Ko te āhei rānei o ngā kaiwhakaputa iti me ngā waenga ki te kawe i tēnei wāhanga utu, koinei te taurangi matua mō te pātai mēnā ka taea te raupapa whakarato toitū te whakarahi haere.Ngā utu kai. Ko te utu o te whakawhitinga toitū—me pēhea te wehewehe i waenga i ngā kaiwhakaputa o mua, ngā umanga tukatuka me ngā kiritaki—ka pā ki te hanganga utu whakamutunga. Mēnā ka noho te nuinga o te utu ki te taha whakaputa, tērā pea ka kore e nui te hihiko ki te whakawhiti; mēnā ka tukuna katoatia ki te taha kiritaki, tērā pea ka pā ki ngā momo kai e kaha ake ana te tairongo o te hiahia ki te utu.

Aronga haumi ahuwhenua. I ngā mahi o te ahumahi i ngā tau tata nei, kei te neke te aronga o te pūtea mai i ngā taputapu pūrere kotahi ki ngā papa raraunga, ngā pūmanawa whakatau me ngā tūāpapa o te raupapa whakaratonga. He roa te huringa whakahoki moni o ēnei momo rawa, engari ina puta te pānga whatunga, ka kaha te piri.

Te āhua o te tauhokohoko o te ao. Ina whakaurua ngā whakaritenga toitū ki ngā paerewa hoko, kāore noa iho te whakataetae tauhokohoko hua ahuwhenua e noho ki te utu me te kounga anake; ka uru hoki te whakatutukitanga o ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga whakaputa. He paepae hou tēnei mō ngā rohe whakaputa e aro ana ki te kaweake, ā, tērā pea ka whakahou i ngā rerenga tauhokohoko o ētahi momo hua.

Te whakawhanaketanga ahuwhenua toitū. Kāore te hangarau anō e whakaputa noa i ngā hua toitū. Ko te tiaki wāhi noho, te tiaki rerenga wai me te hauora o te oneone e whakatairangahia ana e WWF, kei te whakawhirinaki ki te huringa o ngā tikanga whakahaere; ko te hangarau he mea noa kia māmā ake te ine, te manatoko me te whakarahi i taua huringa.

Tirohanga ā muri

Ā te toru ki te rima tau, tērā pea ka neke te aronga o te whakamahinga AI ahuwhenua mai i te "matapae" ki te "tautoko whakatinana". Ko ngā whakamahinga tōmua i aro nui ki te matapae hua me te whakatūpato mōrearea; ko te mahi e whai ake nei ka taka pea ki te whakamahere whakamākū, ngā tohutohu wairākau me te whakapai i ngā ara mahi mīhini pāmu—ngā wāhanga e pā tika ana ki te whakaputa.

Ka haere te aunoatanga ahuwhenua mā te ara "aunoatanga wāhanga", kaua ko te kore tangata katoa. Nā te mea he tino kore hanganga te taiao mahi ahuwhenua, i te wā poto, ko te mea tūturu ake ko te aunoatanga o tētahi wāhanga kotahi, pēnei i te tiaki tipu, te whakamate tarutaru me te tirotiro.

Ka whakawhirinaki te uara o te papa raraunga ahuwhenua ki te kaha o ngā pūnaha ki te mahi tahi. Mēnā he uaua te whakawhiti raraunga i waenga i ngā pūrere me ngā pūnaha, ka wehewehea te uara o te papa, ā, ka raru ngā pāmu i te haumi tukurua.

Ka pēhi tonu ngā huringa o te hiahia kai o te ao i te taha whakaratonga. I raro i te piki o te taupori me ngā mōrea āhuarangi e noho tahi ana, ka kaha ake te aro o te take haumaru kai ki te manawaroa o te pūnaha whakaratonga, kaua ko te whakanui noa i te hua.

Tērā pea ka haere tonu ngā wāhi haumi matua o te pūtea ahuwhenua ki te wāhanga waenga me te wāhanga muri o te raupapa whakaratonga. Ko te horapa mai i te taha whakatipu ki te tukatuka, te arorangi taonga me te hangarau kai (FoodTech), he ara māori ki te whakapai ake i te kaha o te pūnaha whānui.

Me whakapai tonu te pūnaha aromatawai mō te ahuwhenua whakaora me te ahuwhenua waro iti. Ko te kore o ngā ine whakakotahi, ka taea te manatoko, tētahi o ngā tino arai kia whiwhi ai ēnei mahi i te whakaae nui o te mākete.

Kupu whakamutunga

Ko te whakatau a WWF mō te ahuwhenua toitū he timatanga mārama: he nui te ahuwhenua, he tino pāhekoheko ki te taiao me te ōhanga, nō reira e kore e taea te kōrero motuhake. Mō te umanga hangarau ahuwhenua, ko te tikanga o tēnei, kei te huri ngā paerewa ine i te uara o te hangarau—ehara i te kaha whakaputa hua anake, engari ko te kaha ki te pupuri i te kaha whakaputa roa i roto i ngā herenga o te whenua, te wai me te kanorau koiora.Kāore tēnei panonitanga e oti i te wā poto. Ka whakawhirinaki ki te whakakotahitanga o ngā paerewa raraunga, ki te tohatoha tika o ngā utu, me te whiwhi o ngā tikanga toitū i ngā hua e mōhiotia ana i te mākete. Nō reira, ehara te ahuwhenua toitū i te take taiao anake; he take ahumahi hoki me whakautu tonu e te mekameka uara ahuwhenua i roto i ngā tau tekau e whai ake nei.