Ngā rārangi whawhai huna o te pakanga o Īrāna: Ngā akoranga mō ngā mekameka tuku o te ao mai i te kai, te wai me te maniua

Kupu Whakataki

I whakaputa a Michael Werz, he kairangahau matua o te Kaunihera mō ngā Whanaungatanga ki Tāwai o Amerika (CFR), i tētahi tuhinga i ngā rā tata nei, e kī ana ko te kai, ko te wai, me te tongi ngā “rārangi huna” i roto i ngā pakanga ka tū ake pea ki Īrāna. I te piki haere o te taumahatanga tōrangapū, ko te hiranga rautaki o ēnei rawa taketake he nui ake i tō rātou uara ōhanga. Mō te ahumahi AgriTech o te ao, ehara tēnei kitenga i te mea e pā ana ki te rohe o te Middle East anake, engari e whakaatu ana i ngā whakaraerae noa o ngā pūnaha kai i raro i te pēhitanga o te pakanga me te āhuarangi.

Ko te Haumaru Kai hei Rākau Rautaki

I ngā rā o mua, he maha ngā wā i whakamahia ai te kai hei taputapu pēhi tōrangapū. I roto i te pakanga, i te aukati rānei, ko te whakaraerae o te kawemai kai ka tere whakaohooho i te iwi. Ko te pūnaha whakarato kai o Īrāna e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūmau o ngā mākete o te ao me te whakaputanga ā-rohe; ko tētahi whakararu i te rāngai whakarato ka ahu mai pea he raru kai. Ko te whakahaere pāmu matihiko, te māra poutū, me te whakawhanaketanga o ngā pūmua kē atu i roto i te hangarau ahuwhenua, e taea ai te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi puna kotahi. Heoi anō, ko te whakamahi i ēnei hangarau me whai wā, me whai pūtea hoki; i roto i te pakanga, kāore e tere whaihua.

Ko te Wai: te Rohe Huna o te Tōrangapū Matawhenua o te Middle East

Ko Īrāna kei te rohe maroke, ko te whakahaere rawa wai te take matua mō te ahuwhenua. Nā te huringa āhuarangi roa me ngā tikanga whakamākū hua-kore, ka tino pēhia te whakaputa kai. I ngā wā pakanga, ka ahu mai pea ngā hōia ki ngā hanganga wai, ka whakakore atu i te whakaputa kai. Ko ngā hangarau ahuwhenua tōtika (Precision Agriculture), pēnei i ngā pūoko makuku oneone, ngā pūnaha whakamākū atamai, me te rongo mamao ā-āmiorangi, ka tino whakapiki i te whaihua o te whakamahi wai. Engari i roto i ngā wā taumaha, he whakaraerae anō ēnei hangarau e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki te hanganga, nō reira me whai ngā otinga horahia, mārō hoki.

Te Whakawhirinaki me te Whaihua o te Whakaratonga Tongi

Ko te tongi matū te “kai” o te ahuwhenua hou, ā, ko te whakaratonga tongi o Īrāna e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kawemai. Ko te piki heke o ngā utu me te raru o te kawe i te mākete tongi o te ao, ka pā tika ki ngā hua kai o Īrāna. Ko te whakamahi tōtika o te tongi me ngā pūmanawa whakahaere matūkai i roto i te hangarau ahuwhenua, he āwhina ki ngā kaipāmu ki te whakatikatika i te whakamahi tongi me te whakaiti i te moumou. I tua atu, ko ngā mahi ahuwhenua whakaora (Regenerative Agriculture) me te whakatairanga i ngā tongi koiora, he āwhina ki te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā tongi matū, engari he otinga pae tawhiti tēnei.

Ngā Pānga ki te Ahumahi

Ko te mekameka kai-wai-tongi e kōrerotia ana i te tuhinga a CFR, e whakaatu ana i te whakaraerae o te rāngai whakarato kai ā-ao (Global Food Supply Chain). Kua huri ngā haumitanga AgriTech mai i te whakapiki hua noa ki te whakapakari i te mārō o te pūnaha. E kite ana mātou ko ngā kaupapa pēnei i te ahuwhenua tōtika, te whakatika ira, te pūmua kē atu, me ngā paepae raraunga haumaru kai, e kaha arohia ana. Mō ngā pakihi AgriTech, ko ngā tūraru tōrangapū matawhenua kia waiho hei take nui mō te hoahoa hua me te whakawhānui mākete.

He Tirohanga ā-Mua

Te Tirohanga Whakamua

Mō ngā tau e 3–5 kei te heke mai, ka kaha ake te aro o te hangarau ahuwhenua ki te pono i roto i ngā taiao tino taumaha. Ko te whakamākūkū mātau, ngā tipu mānawanui, me te hangarau whakaheke waro kai tērā pea ka noho hei kaupapa matua. Engari ehara te hangarau i te rongoā whānui mō ngā mea katoa; ko te whakapainga ake o te haumaru kai (Food Security) me hīkoi tonu mā te mahi tahi o te ao me te whakatau i ngā tautohetohe. Ko te tūranga o te hangarau ahuwhenua, he whakarato i ētahi taputapu maha ake hei ātete i ngā pāngia, kaua hei whakakapi i ngā otinga tōrangapū.

Kupu Whakakapi

Ko te ariā o te "rārangi huna" e whakamahara ana ki a tātou, ka hono pūtata te haumaru kai ki te haumaru o te motu. Kāore ngā ahunga whakamua o te hangarau ahuwhenua e taea te whakakore i te mōrearea o te pakanga, engari ka taea te whakapakari i te kaha o te hapori tangata ki te whakatutuki i ngā raruraru. Hei mātakitaki i te hangarau ahuwhenua, ka aro tonu mātou ki ngā whanaketanga i roto i ēnei kaupapa whakawhiti, kia whai ai te kaipānui i tētahi tirohanga mō āpōpō e pakari ake ai te ahuwhenua.