Te mana motuhake o te kai i raro i ngā raruraru o te ao e tāpiripiri ana: he karanga ki te mahi mō ngā pūnaha kai tauwhiro.

Te Rangatiratanga mō te Kai i raro i ngā Raru o te Ao e Inaki Ana: He Karanga Mahi mō ngā Pūnaha Kai Tauwhiro

> Ina whiria te huringa āhuarangi, ngā pakanga, te paheketanga ōhanga me ngā mate urutā, kei te pēhia te pūnaha kai o te ao e te taumahatanga kāhore anō i kitea i mua. E hora ana tētahi arotake kaupapahere nā tētahi rōpū rangahau nō Malawi i tētahi anga mahi hei hanga pūnaha kai manawaroa mō ngā whenua o te tonga o te ao.

Kei te keikei tonu, kei te whakaohooho hoki te taumata hiakai o te ao. E ai ki te pūrongo "Te Āhua o te Haumarutanga Kai me te Taiora i te Ao 2024", neke atu i te 733 miriona ngā tāngata e moe hiakai ana i ia pō. E whakaatu ana te Tohu Hiakai o te Ao (GHI), e 9 ngā whenua e pāngia ana e te hiakai tino kino, ā, e 34 atu anō ngā whenua kua whakarōpūtia hei hiakai "taumaha", ā, kei te tonga katoa o te ao ēnei whenua. Ko te mea whakaohooho ake, i tēnei wā kāore e 5 tau e toe ana ki te wā mutunga o ngā Whāinga Whanaketanga Toitū (SDG) o 2030, kei te kino haere tonu te hiakai, he tohu kei te hoki whakamuri te kupu taurangi o te ao ki te whakakore i te hiakai.

Te Rangatiratanga mō te Kai: Mai i te Haumarutanga Kai ki te Mana Whakahaere o te Pūnaha

Ko te anga haumarutanga kai o mua e arotahi ana ki te wāteatanga, te āheitanga, te whakamahinga me te pūmau o te kai, engari kua hurahia e ngā raruraru o nāianei ngā ngoikoretanga o taua anga. Ka pātai ake te rangatiratanga mō te kai: ko wai e whakahaere ana i te pūnaha kai? Pēhea ai te whakatau kaupapa? Ko wai ngā painga e matua arohia ana? E whakapūmau ana tēnei i te tika o te iwi, o te hapori, o te whenua hoki ki te tautohu i ā rātou ake pūnaha kai me āhuwhenua, mā ngā huarahi e tika ana i te taha pāpori, e tauwhiro ana i te taiao, e hāngai ana hoki ki te ahurea.

Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ko te haumarutanga kai te tūāpapa o te rangatiratanga mō te kai, engari kāore anake te haumarutanga kai e rawaka hei whakatutuki i te rangatiratanga mō te kai. Me rite tonu te mahi o ngā pūnaha kai, kia pono, kia tauwhiro hoki. Heoi anō, i te rautau 21, kāore i te ngāwari te hononga i waenga i ngā pūnaha kai, te haumarutanga kai me te rangatiratanga mō te kai. Ko ngā āhuatanga kino pērā i te huringa āhuarangi, te pakanga me ngā pāheketanga ōhanga, ka tāpiripiri, ka tino taumaha ake ai te nuinga o ngā pūnaha kai kua ngoikore kē.

He Pēhea ngā Raruraru Maha e Turaki ai i te Rangatiratanga mō te Kai

Kua kore te huringa āhuarangi, ngā pakanga, te paheketanga ōhanga o te ao, te pikinga o ngā utu kai/pūngao/tongi, me ngā pānga roa o te mate urutā KOWHEORI-19 e noho hei wero motuhake. Ka nui haere tā rātou mahi tahi, te whakapōrearea i ngā pūnaha kai mā ngā huarahi pūmau, inaki hoki, me te whakakore i ngā oranga, inā koa ki te tonga o te ao, te wāhi e ngoikore ana te hanganga, ā, he iti te kaha ki te whakauru me te whakaora.

Hei tauira, ko Āwherika ki te tonga o Sahara; kua roa taua rohe e pā ana ki te rawakore, te ngoikore o ngā hanganga me te pāpua o ngā pūnaha whakahaere. Ina tae mai te raruraru, he iti noa te kaha o ēnei whenua ki te urupare. Ki te kore he wawaotanga i te wā tika, ka puta he porowhita kino o te rawakore me te hiakai, ā, ka uaua te huri i te takiwā o te tau 2030.

Ngā Ara Mahi e Rima: Ngā Taputapu hei Hanga i ngā Pūnaha Kai Manawaroa

Ko tēnei arotake kaupapahere me ngā mahi, i tāngia ki te pukapuka 'Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems', i whakamahi i te tikanga arotake kōrero whai hanganga hei whakakotahi i ngā taunakitanga o ngā mātai rerekē. E rima ngā ara pūnaha kai i whakatakotoria e ngā kairangahau, e hono ana tētahi ki tētahi, ā, mō ia ara, kua hora he whakaaro mahi whāiti.

1. Te Āheitanga ki ngā Rauemi Whakaputa

Ko te āheitanga tōkeke ki te whenua, ki te wai, ki ngā kākano, ki ngā moni tārewa, me ngā rauemi ahuwhenua, te pūtake o te tino rangatiratanga mō te kai. E ai ki te arotake, he tokomaha ngā kaipāmu iti kāore i te pūmau te mana whenua me te huarahi whiwhi pūtea, nā reira kāore e taea e rātou te whakangao mō te wā roa. Ko ngā mahi kaupapa here me uru atu: te whakapūmau i te mana whenua, te whakawhānui i te whakaurunga pūtea whānui, te tautoko i ngā whakahaere kaipāmu, me te whakatairanga i ngā auahatanga hangarau ahuwhenua e hāngai ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te takiwā.

2. Te whakaputa kai me te manawaroa o te rauropi ahuwhenua

He tino whakaraerae ngā pūnaha māra kotahi me ngā tikanga ahuwhenua ahumahi i mua i ngā pānga āhuarangi. E whakapūmau ana te arotake i te hiranga o ngā tikanga rauropi ahuwhenua—mā te whakatō kanorau, te whakatō whakauru, te whakakotahi i te ngahere me te māra, te whakahaere hauora oneone, me ērā atu mahi, hei whakapakari i te kaha o te pūnaha rauropi ki te whakatika i a ia anō. I te anō hoki, ko ngā hangarau ahuwhenua matatau pērā i ngā kākano e urutau ana ki te huarere, te whakamakuku wai iti, me te aroturuki matihiko i te āhuatanga o ngā māra, hei whakaiti i ngā tūpono whakaputa kai, hei whakapūmau i te hua.

3. Te tauhokohoko, te mākete me te āheitanga ōhanga

Ko te tauhokohoko tētahi āhuatanga e kore e taea te karo i roto i te pūnaha kai. Kāore te tino rangatiratanga mō te kai e whakahē i te tauhokohoko, engari me kaua e whakakino te tauhokohoko i te mana motuhake me te kaha whakahaere o te rohe. I tēnei wā, ko te kōrurekore o ngā utu hua ahuwhenua ā-ao me te motumotu o te mekameka tuku, kua pā kinotia ai ngā whenua whakawhanake e kaha whakawhirinaki ana ki te kawemai. E kī ana te arotake, me whakapakari te mahi tahi tauhokohoko ā-rohe, me whakapai ake i ngā pūnaha rāhui kai me te aratuku whawhati tata, me whakatairanga hoki i ngā ture mākete kai ā-ao e mārama ake ana.

4. Te kai me te matūkai

E kore te pūnaha kai e whāinga noa kia whāngaia te tangata, engari kia pai te whāngai. Ko te pakanga me te kore matūkai hei whakawhanake i te huringa kino: mā te hiakai e ngoikore ai te ārai mate, e nui ake ai te tūpono pāngia e ngā māuiui whakapiri, e heke iho ai te whakaputanga, e māmā ake ai te taka o te whānau ki te rawakore. E karanga ana te arotake kia whakaurua ngā wawaotanga matūkai ki roto i ngā rautaki whakaora poto me te whanaketanga pae roa i roto i te whakautu raruraru—tae atu ki te tautoko i te ahuwhenua ā-rohe e aro ana ki te matūkai, te whakapai ake i te kanorau o te kai, me te whakapakari i ngā kupenga whakamarumaru hapori.

5. Te whakahaere me te kaha o ngā pūnaha

Ko ngā mahere hangarau me ngā hoahoa kaupapa here katoa, e hiahia ana kia whai hanganga whakahaere whai hua hei whakatinana. E ai ki te rangahau, ko ngā whenua o te Tonga ā-ao, i roto i ngā raruraru, he uaua ki a rātou te ruruku mahi nā te mea kua marara noa ō rātou pūnaha. Me whakatū ngā kāwanatanga i tētahi tikanga ruruku mō te haumaru kai puta noa i ngā tari, me hoatu ki ngā hapori ā-rohe te maha atu o ngā mana whakatau, me whakarite kia pūtaiao me mārama te hanga kaupapa here. Ko te hapori ā-ao, me whai i ngā kupu taurangi i ngā hui pērā i te Hui Taumata mō te Huringa Āhuarangi me te Hui Taumata G20, hei paerewa, me tino kawe i ōna kawenga hītori.

Te pānga ahumahi: Te tūranga o te hangarau ahuwhenua i roto i te whakapakari manawaroa

• Mā tēnei arotake e mārama ai te huarahi ahumahi mō te rāngai hangarau ahuwhenua. Ahakoa ko te ahuwhenua matatau, te AI ahuwhenua, te rongo tawhiti mā āmiorangi, te whakamakuku mōhio, me ngā pūoko oneone, kāore i te noa iho ko te whakapai ake i te whaihua i ia wāhi, engari ko te whakapakari i te kaha o te pūnaha kai katoa ki te tū atu ki ngā pānga maha.- Te tōtika o te whakaputanga：Ka āwhina ngā kākano urutau āhuarangi me te whakahaere atamai o te wai me te tongi i ngā kaipāmu iti ki te pupuri i ngā hua i roto i ngā āhuatanga huarere tino kino, me te whakaiti i ngā mate.
• Te tauira whakahaere：Ka taea e ngā papaaho ahuwhenua matihiko te matapae tika ake i ngā mōrearea mākete, te whakapai ake i ngā whakataunga whakatō, me te whakaiti i te kore ōritetanga o ngā pārongo.
• Te manawaroa o te mekameka tuku：Ka taea e ngā hangarau mekameka poraka me te ipurangi o ngā mea te whakapiki i te mārama o te whakapapa o te kai me te whakahaere putunga, hei āwhina i ngā kāwanatanga me ngā pakihi ki te urupare wawe ki te motumotu o te mekameka tuku.
• Te panonitanga toitū：Ko ngā mahi ahuwhenua whakaora me te ahuwhenua waro, me ngā taputapu kaute waro e arahina ana e te raraunga, hei āwhina i te huri i ngā hua kaiora hei utu ōhanga.
• Te āhuatanga haumitanga：Mā te piki haere o ngā take mana motuhake kai e akiaki i te rerenga o te whakapaipai ki te ahuwhenua manawaroa āhuarangi, ki te rangahau kaiora ahuwhenua, me ngā hanganga kai ā-rohe.

Te Tirohanga ā-Mua: Mai i te Urupare Raruraru ki te Panonitanga Pūnaha

I ngā tau 3—5 kei mua, ka pā pea ki ngā pūnaha kai o te ao ngā pānga āhuarangi tino kino me ngā pānga tōrangapū-ā-matawhenua maha ake. Kāore te auahatanga hangarau ahuwhenua e noho noa hei taputapu whakapiki hua, engari ka noho hei wāhanga o ngā hanganga rautaki mō te haumarutanga kai.

• AI Ahuwhenua：Ka horapa tere te whakamahinga i roto i te whakatūpato wawe i ngā mōrearea kai, te tautohu mate o ngā hua whenua, me te matapae mākete, hei āwhina i ngā kāwanatanga me ngā kaipāmu ki te whakarite i mua.
• Ngā taputapu aunoa me ngā karetao：Ka tere te whakamahi ki ngā rohe kore kaimahi (pērā i ngā whenua whakawhanake) me ngā tūmahi mahi tika (pērā i ngā whare kāpehu me ngā māra huarākau), hei whakamāmā i te kore rawaka o ngā kaimahi.
• Pūmua whakakapi me te hangarau kai e tūmanakohia ana ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā puna pūmua tuku iho, me te whakaiti i te tapuwae taiao o te pūnaha kai.
• Ngā mīhini ahuwhenua iti me te whakamākūkū rā he nui te pūmanawa ki ngā whenua pāpaku, mā te hononga pūngao—kai e whakapiki i te mana motuhake.

Heoi anō, me whakahaere te auahatanga hangarau i roto i tētahi anga whakahaere. Ka kaha ake pea te kōrairite i ngā āputa matihiko, te whakawhirinaki hangarau, me ngā take mana mātauranga. Ko te tino mana motuhake kai e hiahia ana kia mahi te whanaketanga hangarau mō ngā hiahia o ngā hapori ā-rohe, me te whakaute i tō rātou motika kōwhiri i a rātou anō.

Whakakapinga

Ko tēnei arotake kaupapa here nō te rōpū rangahau o Malawi, e whakarato ana i tētahi rārangi mahi mārama me te akiaki mō te whakahaere kai o te ao. E whakamahara ana ki a tātou: i tēnei wā he maha ngā aituā o te ao, kāore e taea te haumarutanga kai te whakawhirinaki anake ki te mākete, ki te rongoā hangarau rānei, engari me whakatutuki mā te whakamana i ngā kaiwhakaputa, te whakapai ake i te whakahaere, te whakatairanga i te hokohoko tika, me te whakapakari i te manawaroa kaiora. Ko ngā whenua me ngā umanga katoa — ngā whenua whairawa, ngā kāwanatanga o te Tonga o te Ao, ngā kaitāpae taha-maha, ngā whakahaere atawhai, ngā kaipūtea, me ngā umanga tūmataiti — me kawe i ngā kawenga nui ake i roto i ō rātou ake mana whakahaere, me te haumi ki te ahuwhenua toitū me ngā pūnaha kai, hei ārai i te hokinga mai o te hiakai.

Kāore i toe noa ngā tau ki te 2030, engari kei te noho tonu te whai wā. Mā te waiho i te mana motuhake kai hei pūtake o ngā kaupapa here o te ao, ka taea ai e tātou te hanga i tētahi anamata toitū e kore tētahi e mahue i muri.