Te utu āhuarangi o te ahuwhenua ahumoni: ka pēhea te ngaki kaha e whakakaha ake ai i te whakamahanatanga o te ao, ā, ka taea rānei e te hangarau ahuwhenua te whakaoti i tēnei?

Te raruraru āhuarangi o te ahuwhenua ahumahi: Te huarahi mai i te "tangohanga" ki te "whakahoutanga"

Ina ka noho te ahuwhenua hei "umanga tangohanga" mō te panonitanga āhuarangi

Kei te tonga-mā-uru o Iowa, he āhuatanga rerekē te pāmu a Seth Watkins, he kaipāmu: he maha ngā momo hua e whakatipuria ana, he kau hei whāngai, he tarutaru taketake hei uhi i te whenua i ngā wā katoa, ā, i te takurua ka ruingia he hua uhi hei pupuri i te oneone. Ehara tana mahi i te mea pukuriri, engari i tēnei rohe ahuwhenua kua roa e whakakotahi ana, e whakawhānui haere ana, kei te tokoiti ia. Ko te take i pērā ai a Watkins, ko tētahi wāhanga, nā te mea ka whakaaro ia ki te panonitanga āhuarangi: "Ka kite ahau i ngā pānga o te panonitanga āhuarangi. E mōhio ana ahau, mō te wā poto me whakahaere e au tēnei raruraru; mō te wā roa, ko te tikanga he mahi whakaheke i te raruraru."

Engari, kei te whakakapia tēnei tikanga whakaputa kanorau e ngā pāmu ahumahi nui ake, e noho kotahi ana te momo. I roto i ngā tekau tau kua hipa, kua tino kitea te whakakotahitanga o te ahuwhenua o Amerika — he maha ngā pāmu iti e horomia ana, ā, ko tāna he whakakapi ki ngā māra māra rārangi whānui, ki ngā whare kararehe e whāngai pūia ana. Ko tēnei ia te tino take kāore te ahuwhenua i kaha ki te whakahaere i te panonitanga āhuarangi, ā, ko ngā mahinga ahuwhenua whānui tonu kei te whakawhanui ake i te raruraru āhuarangi.

E ai ki tētahi pūrongo aromatawai matawhāiti i whakaputaina i te tau 2018 e te Economic Research Service o te Tari Ahuwhenua o Amerika, ko te whakakotahitanga o te mahi ahuwhenua "kei te haere tonu, kei te horapa, ā, he mea tino kitea". E whakaatu ana te pūrongo, neke atu i te hautoru o ngā māra kei ngā pāmu e 2000 eka neke atu te rahi, e rua whakareanga tēnei i tōna 30 tau ki muri; i te wā kotahi, ko te haurua o ngā hua ahuwhenua nō ngā pāmu e whiwhi ana i te iti rawa o te $1 miriona tāra i te tau. Ahakoa i kī te pūrongo i piki ake te pai o te whakaputanga mā te whakakotahitanga, i whakaae hoki ko ngā pāmu nui ka akiaki pea i ngā pāmu iti ki te kati, ka whakangaro i te korikori o te hapori tuawhenua, ka iti ake te kanorau o te mahi ahuwhenua, ā, mā ā rātou tikanga mahi ka puta he mōrearea taiao.

Ngā moni āwhina me ngā hua kotahi: He pūnaha kua mau

Ko tēnei whakakotahitanga nā ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū, ōhanga, hangarau hoki i āki. Kua roa te kaupapa here ahuwhenua e hira ana ki te whakaputa tāpiri, ā, mā ngā moni āwhina a te kāwanatanga e tītohu ki ētahi hua motuhake. Ko te kānga me te hāihi te tino hua o te uru-waenganui o Amerika, ā, ka puta he "ahurea rua" i runga i te whenua. Ko ngā moni āwhina me ngā whakahau mō te hinu koiora i kaha ake ai te hora o ēnei hua e rua. Hei tauira, nā te hiahia ki te hinu koiora i whakawhānuitia ai e ngā kaipāmu ngā māra kānga me te hāihi, tae noa ki te huri i ngā whenua pāhekeheke me ētahi repo hei māra māra rārangi.

E ai ki te kaipūtaiao oneone a Laura Lengnick: "Ko te pūnaha whakaputa kai ahumahi te mea e ārai ana i ngā painga āhuarangi ka taea e te ahuwhenua. Ahakoa kei a mātou ngā whakarerekē katoa e whakaarohia ana ka taea te mahi, hei pupuri i ngā hua, hei whakapiki i te whaihua o te pāmu, hei akiaki i ngā otinga āhuarangi, kei te haere tonu tā mātou whakangao ki te mīhini nui whakaputa kānga, hāihi, mīti kau i te uru-waenganui."Ko tēnei momo tikanga whakatō i te tipu kotahi anake, me nui rawa te whakamahi tongatonga matū, inarā ko te tongatonga hauota i hangaia mai i te hau māori, nā reira ka heke iho te kounga o te oneone. Waihoki, kāore te pūnaha i te kanorau, kua whakarerea ngā porohita whakaora e taea ana te hanga anō i te oneone me te whakapiki i te kaha penapena waro. E ai ki a Ferd Hoefner o te National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition: “Mai i te tirohanga o te āhuarangi, te hauora oneone me te penapena waro, me nui ake te kanorau. Kia tae rā anō ki taua kanorautanga, e kore e taea e tātou te whai kia nui haere te hauora oneone me te penapena waro.”

Te Pānga ki te Ahumahi: Te Hoari Mātārua o te Whaihua me te Ngoikore

Ko te ahuwhenua ahumahi, i te whakapiki i te whaihua o te whakaputa, ka kawea mai hoki ngā mōrearea pūnaha. Nā te whakatō kotahi i te rahi, ka heke te kaha o te pūnaha ahuwhenua ki te urutau ki ngā huarere kino me te panonitanga o te āhuarangi. Ko ngā pūtea tautoko me ngā tikanga inihua e whakaiti ana i te mōrearea o te whakakotahitanga, ā, nā reira ka whakatenatena i te whakakotahitanga. I tua atu, ko ngā kaupapa here e aro ana ki te whakaputa, e herehere ana i te kaipāmu ki ētahi momo tipu me ētahi tikanga whakahaere, ā, uaua ai te huri ki ngā mahi toitū.

Mō te mekameka whakaratonga kai, mā tēnei tikanga pea e kukū ai ngā puna whakaratonga ki ētahi rohe, ā, ka nui ake te ngoikoretanga o te mekameka whakaratonga. Waihoki, ko te hekenga o te kounga o te oneone te tohu o te hekenga o te kaha whakaputa mō te wā roa, ā, ka pā atu ki te haumaru kai ā muri nei.

Kei te huri hoki ngā ahunga haumi i te ahumahi kai-ahuwhenua. I ngā tau tata nei, kua arohia e te hunga haumi ngā hangarau pēnei i te ahuwhenua whakaora, te ahuwhenua waro, me te ahuwhenua tika. Ko ēnei hangarau he kaha ki te āwhina ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga, ki te whakapiki i te penapena waro i te oneone, me te whakapakari i te kaha urutau ki te āhuarangi.

Ngā Tirohanga ā-Mua: Me Whanake Tahi te Hangarau me ngā Kaupapa Here

I roto i ngā tau e 3 ki te 5 kei te heke mai, ko te tūmanako ka ahu whakamua ngā mahi hangarau ahuwhenua i ngā huarahi maha. Ko ngā taputapu ahuwhenua tika (pēnei i ngā raraunga mai i ngā peerangi, ngā pūoko oneone, me te whakamahi tongatonga i rerekē te rahinga) ka āwhina i ngā kaipāmu ki te whakamahi tika i ngā rawa, ki te whakaiti i te ururua me te tapuwae taiao. Ka taea e ngā papa raraunga me te AI ahuwhenua te whakapai ake i ngā whakataunga whakahaere pāmu, te tautoko i te whakatō kanorau me te whakatinana i ngā tipu uhi. I te taumata o ngā kaupapa here, ko te whakakore haere i ngā pūtea tautoko e here ana ki te nui o te hua, me te huri ki te utu mō ngā ratonga hauropi, tērā pea he kaha āki nui.

Heoi, ehara te hangarau i te mea e taea ai ngā mea katoa. E ai ki a Lengnick, ko te pūnaha katoa te mea e tika ana kia panonihia. Ko te ahunga o te whanaketanga hangarau ahuwhenua me aro ki te whakapai ake i te hauora oneone, te kanorau koiora, me te kaha urutau ki te āhuarangi, kaua ki te whai noa i ngā hua teitei ake. Ko ngā auahatanga i te ao hangarau kai, pēnei i ngā pūmua whakakapi me ngā kai mai i te tipu, ka taea te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki te whāngai kararehe tino kaha, ā, mā reira ka whakamāmā i ngā tukunga e pā ana.

Kei te piki haere tonu te hiahia kai o te ao, kei te kaha haere ngā mōrearea āhuarangi, nā reira kua noho hei mea tika te whakawhiti i te ahuwhenua ki ngā ara toitū. Me mahi ngātahi ngā kamupene hangarau ahuwhenua, ngā kaihanga kaupapa here me ngā kaipāmu, ki te whakahuri i te tikanga whakaputa “tango” ki te whakahaere pūnaha hauropi “whakaora”.

Whakamutunga

Ehara i te mea kāore e taea te karo te utu āhuarangi o te ahuwhenua ahumahi. Mā te whakatikaina o ngā tikanga whakatenatena me te whakamahi tika i te hangarau ahuwhenua, ka taea e te ahuwhenua te huri mai i te take o te raruraru āhuarangi hei wāhanga o te otinga. E ai ki tā te pāmu a Watkins i whakaatu, ko te kanorau te tūāpapa mō te whakatau i te panonitanga āhuarangi. Ko te ahuwhenua ā muri ake nei me āwhi i taua kanorautanga, ā, mā te kaha o te hangarau e whakarahi.