Te Ahuwhenua Tino Ora i Thar: Me pehea te Koraha o Pakistan e noho hei tauira mo te Ahuwhenua Tautōnui

Organic Agriculture in Thar: How Pakistan's Desert Is Becoming a Model for Sustainable Farming

Traditional Knowledge Meets Modern AgTech in One of the World's Most Arid Regions

Ko te koraha o Thar, e tata ana ki te 19,637 kiromita tapawha i te tonga-rawhiti o Pakistan, kua roa e tohua ana e nga puke onepu, nga mahana wera, me te kore wai. Heoi, i raro i tenei ahua kino, kei reira tetahi punaha ahuwhenua e whanake ana, e whakakotahi ana i nga tikanga tangata whenua o nga rau tau ki te hangarau hou. I te kaha haere o te huringa o te rangi puta noa i Ahia ki te Tonga, ko te huarahi a Thar ki te ahuwhenua parakore e whakaako ana i nga akoranga nui mo te toitūtanga, te kaha, me te haumaru kai.

He Pūnaha Parakore Māori

He Pūnaha Mātauranga Māori

Kāore e rite ki ngā rohe ahuwhenua tikanga e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki ngā whakauru horihori, ko te ahuwhenua i Thar kua noho tonu hei ahuwhenua māori mā te matea. Ko te iti o te whai wāhi ki ngā whakawairakau me ngā patu tipu kua tiakina ngā tikanga ahuwhenua tuku iho e pupuri ana i te momonatanga o te oneone me te kanorau koiora. Ko te taenga mai o ngā ua makariri o te tau e huri ana i te koraha hei whitiki kākāriki rangitahi, e whakarato ana i te matapihi whāiti engari tino nui mō te ngaki.

Ka ngaki ngā kaimahi whenua i ngā tipu taketake pērā i te millet (bajra), te pīni kāhui (guar), te pīni mung (moong), te sesame (til), te pīni moth, me te pīni kau. Ko ēnei momo he tino whakamāori ki te tauraki, he iti te wai e hiahiatia, ā, mā te tikanga ka whakaputa i te hauota, e whakapiki ana i te momonatanga o te oneone. Ko te millet, i roto i ētahi, te kai matua o te rohe, e tuku ana i te uara kai nui me te iti o te wai e hiahiatia.

Te Ahuwhenua Whakauru me ngā Momo Taketake

Te Ahuwhenua Whakauru me ngā Momo Taketake

Kei te noho tonu te tiaki kararehe hei tuara o te ōhanga taiwhenua o Thar.Te Ahuwhenua Whakauru me ngā Momo Taketake

Ko te mahi tiaki kararehe te tino poupou o te ōhanga tuawhenua o Thar. Whai muri i te ua, ka whāngai ngā whenua māori i te kānekeneke, te kuao hipi, te kuao kau, te kamera, me ētahi atu kararehe, e hanga ana i tētahi pūnaha ahuwhenua-whakauru e toitū ai ngā whānau mā te waiū, te mīti, te wūru, me te hoko kararehe. Ko tēnei pūnaha porohita tētahi o ngā tauira ahuwhenua toitū tawhito rawa o Āhia-ki-te-Tonga.

He nui anō te mahi a ngā momo rākau taketake. Ko te Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) e whakarato ana i te kai whāngai whai painga, e whakawaiora ana i te oneone, e whakamarumaru ana, ā, e ārai ana i te horo oneone e te hau. Waihoki, ko te rākau Ber (Ziziphus jujuba) e whakaputa hua ana i a ia e tautoko ana i te kanorau koiora. Ka waihangahia e ēnei rākau ngā pūnaha moroiti e whakapai ake ai te pupuri mākū me te whakamarumaru i ngā hua mai i ngā hau kaha.

He Hua ā-TauKo ngā hua rauropi o Thar kei roto i ētahi taonga ahurei pēnei i te harore kai mohoao (jungli khumb), ka puta i muri i te ua, ka kohia e ngā wāhine hei hoko ki ngā mākete ā-rohe. Ko ngā merengi wai motuhake o te rohe, e mōhiotia ana ko Chhaheen, ka tipu i raro i ngā āhuatanga ua i ngā oneone kirikiri, ka whakawhanake i ngā reka tino reka me te kore whakaurunga matū. Ko ngā tipu rongoā pēnei i te neem, senna, aloe vera, me te moringa, ka whakatipuhia hoki mō te piki haere o te tono i ngā ahumahi rongoā me te whakapaipai.

Te Whakaahua Hou mā te Pungao Whakahou me te Whakahaumanu WaiKo te ua tonu te puna wai matua, engari kei te tango ngā kaimahi whenua auaha i ngā hangarau hou hei whakakī i ngā tikanga tuku iho. Ko tētahi tauira rongonui ko te Pāmu Rangahau Ahuwhenua a Atta Muhammad i te Kāinga o Tardos, i te Takiwā o Umerkot. I runga i tāna pāmu e waru eka te rahi, kua whakaurua e ia he māra nāku ki te whakawairakau i te wai me te hanga hiko mā te pūngao o te rā. Ko ngā rua wai me ngā puna wai e whakanui ana i ia pata wai e tangohia ana mai i ngā puna o raro. I tautokona e te Kaunihera Rangahau Ahuwhenua o Pakitāne (PARC), e whakaatu ana tēnei tauira ka taea e te pūngao whakahou me te whakahaere wai whaihua te whakahou i te ahuwhenua o ngā rohe maroke me te kore e whara i te taiao.

Pānga Ahumahi### Pānga Ahumahi

Ko te ahuwhenua parakore o Thar e whakahou ana i ngā pūnaha kai o te rohe, e whakarato ana hoki i tētahi tauira mō ētahi atu rohe maroke. I runga i te taha ōhanga, ka piki ake ngā whiwhinga moni a ngā whānau mā te whakaiti i ngā utu whakauru me te uru atu ki ngā mākete parakore matua. Ko te whakawhirinaki ki ngā momo māra me ngā kararehe hei whakapakari i te āheitanga ki te aro atu ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi. I runga i te taha taiao, ko ngā tikanga ahuwhenua māori e tiaki ana i te hauora o te oneone, e penapena ana i te wai, e tiaki ana hoki i te kanorau koiora. Ko te whakauru mai o te whakamahana wai mā te hiko o te rā e whakaiti ana i te whakawhirinaki ki te whakapapa waro, ka whakaheke i te tukunga waro. Ko tēnei tauira hoki e whakamana ana i ngā wāhine, e whai wāhi kaha ana ki te kohi harore me te tukatuka iti, e hanga ana i ngā pūtea whiwhinga hou.

Tirohanga ā-Mua### Whakakitenga ā Muri Ake

I roto i ngā tau e 3–5 e heke mai nei, ka whakawhirinaki te tipuranga o te ahuwhenua koiora i Thar ki ētahi āhuatanga maha: te whakawhiwhi tohu ki te whai wāhi ki ngā mākete utu nui ā-rohe, ā-ao hoki, te whakangao rawa ki ngā whakaurunga tukatuka mō te puehu miraka, te hinu hāmana, te pālahi, me ngā otaota rongoā, me te whakawhānui i te hauhake wai ua me ngā hangarau āhuarangi-mōhio. He mea nui te tautoko a te kāwanatanga me te rāngai tūmataiti i roto i ngā ratonga toronga, te whakapai ākākano, me te whakangungu kaiahuwhenua. I te pikinga o te hiahia o te ao mō te kai koiora me te kai whakaputa tōnui, kei a Thar te āheinga hei pokapū matua mō ngā hua koiora i Pākistana. Ko te angitu i konei ka taea te whakamōhio i ngā rautaki mō te urutau āhuarangi ki ētahi atu rohe whakapau wai puta noa i te ao.

WhakamutungaKo te panoni kākāriki o Thar ehara i te kōrero mō te ora anake, engari mō te auahatanga. Nā te whakakotahi i te mātauranga taketake me te hangarau ahuwhenua hou, kei te whakamātā te hapori o taua rohe ka taea te whai rawa me te kore e nui te wai, te whakaurunga matū rānei. I a te ao e anga ana ki te panoni āhuarangi me ngā wero mō te haumaru kai, ka tū a Thar hei tauira kaha mō te āhua e tupu ai te whakakotahitanga ki te taiao i roto i ngā taiao tino taumaha.