Ko te huarahi hou o te raupapa kai ahuwhenua: He aha i tika ai te mahi tahi a ngā kaiwhakataetae kia ora ai?

Ko te whakataetae te pūtake o te ahumahi kai me te ahuwhenua mō ngā tekau tau. Kei te whakataetae ngā kaihokohoko mō te mākete, kei te tiaki ngā kaiwhakarato i ō rātou moni, ā, ko ngā whatunga arorangi e kīia ana he painga matua e tika ana kia huna. Heoi, e ai ki a James Rothwell, te kaiwhakahaere o te tukunga waka o te Ingoa Tiaki Kai o Ingarangi (IGD), ko te pikinga o ngā utu me te pēhitanga o te whanaketanga tauwhiro e āki ana i ngā pakihi ki te whakahōu i tēnei tauira.

E ai ki ngā rangahau hou a IGD, kei te uru te herehere ahuwhenua ki tētahi wā hou, me "mahi i ētahi mea mā te iti ake o ngā rawa" e ngā pakihi. Ko te tikanga, i te wā e piki ana te rahi o ngā kawe, te whakapai ake i ngā ratonga me te kaha o te herehere, me whakautu hoki ki ngā pēhitanga pūtea nui ake. E kī ana a Rothwell: "Ki te tirohia e koe te mākete, ka kite koe i te āhua o te whakataurite i waenganui i te pēhitanga ki te whakaheke i ngā utu me te hiahia ki te whakanui i te haumi."

Kei te whakakaha tahi ngā pēhitanga maha. Kei te aro atu ngā pakihi ahuwhenua ki te pikinga o ngā utu kaimahi, pūngao, me ngā utu kawe, me te whakautu hoki ki ngā pāpātanga o te taupatupatu i waenganui i ngā whenua, te huarere tino kino, me ngā tumanako a ngā kaihoko e huri ana. I ngā tau tata nei, kua kitea te ngoikoretanga o te herehere o te ao: ko te aukatinga o ngā ara moana matua pēnei i te Moana Whero i āki i ngā kaipuke ki te huri, ka piki ake te utu me te kore tino mōhio; ko ngā wāhi taupatupatu pēnei i te Moana o Hormuz kua whakaatu i te tūpono o te whakawhirinaki ki ngā herehere tino ngoikore. I tēnei wā, ko te huringa o te āhuarangi e pā ana ki ngā tipu, te hauhake, me te whakarato i ngā rawa matua mā te huarere kore e tohu.

Te āpiti o te whakapai ake i te whaihua

He maha ngā kaihokohoko nui me ngā kaiwhakanao kua whakapai ake i ā rātou herehere mō ngā tau, e haumi ana ki te aunoatanga, ngā pūnaha matapae, ngā waka nui, te hangarau pātaka, me ngā pūhara raraunga. Engari e whakaaro ana a Rothwell, kua pau i ēnei pakihi te nuinga o ngā hua mārama o te whaihua. "Ko ngā kamupene e whakapai haere tonu ana, kua pau i a rātou te wai o te huawhenua. Kua tino pai te whaihua o tō whatunga, kua tino pai te whakarite o ngā papa, ngā taonga me ngā tikanga pūtaiao raraunga hou."

Ko te whakapai ake i te wā e heke mai nei, e whakaaro ana ia, ka ahu mai i te whakawhiti i te rohe o te pakihi, me te whakapai ake i te hononga i waenganui i ngā pakihi.

He tauira o te mahi tahi me te whakawhiti

Ka whakamāriki a Rothwell i a Carrefour, he kaihokohoko nō Wīwī: i haumi a Carrefour ki ngā waka hiko hau māori hei wāhanga o te rautaki whakaheke hauhā, engari ko te tūāpapa e tautoko ana i taua waka i piki ake te utu. Kāore a Carrefour i pupuri i te whatunga teihana tuku hiko mā rātou anake, i whakatuwhera ki ō rātou whakataetae, ka whiwhi moni anō me te āwhina i ētahi atu pakihi ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga. E whakaaro ana a Rothwell, ka puta mai pea te whakaaro pērā ki Ingarangi, inarā i te wā o te kawe utanga hiko. "Mēnā he 30 ngā taraka āku, he 30 āu, ka taea e koe te tuku hiko mai i taku wāhi, ka taea hoki e au te tuku hiko i tō wāhi, nā reira ka hangaia he whatunga āwhina."

Ko te whakawhiti i te tūāpapa ka āhei ai ngā haumi utu nui kia māmā ake te utu, me te āwhina i ngā kaiwhakarato iti ki te whakauru ki te whakawhitinga ki te kawe mā.

Ko te mahi tahi te mea e hiahiatia ana e te umanga

Heoi, kāore a Rothwell i te whakaaro ka huri katoa te umanga ki te mahi tahi tuwhera.Heoi, kāore a Rothwell i te whakaaro ka huri ohorere te ahumahi katoa hei hoa mahi tuwhera. Engari, ko tōna whakaaro ko te mahi tahi ka puta tuatahi ki waenga i ngā umanga e tino hiahia ana. "I mua, ināianei rānei, ko te mahi tahi anake e herea ana ki ngā umanga rangatira e whai ana i ngā whatunga whānui rawa." E tohu ana ia, kei roto i ngā mano o ngā kaiwhakarato waenga i waenga i ngā kaihokohoko rahi me ngā kamupene kai o te ao te whai wāhi. "E 60% neke atu o ngā hoko a ngā kaihokohoko mai i ngā kaiwhakarato iti me te waenga, ā, kāore ēnei kaiwhakarato i roto i te whānuitanga o te mahi tahi e kōrerohia nei e mātou."

He mea tino nui tēnei take, nā te mea kei te piki haere te pēhi ki ngā kaihokohoko ki te whakatutuki i ngā kupu whakaū toitū, tae atu ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga o te rautaki whakaputa. I kōrero a Rothwell mō ngā kaiwhakarato i ngā rohe pēnei i te tonga-uru o Ingarangi: ko ēnei rohe e pupuri ana i te mahi kai nui mō ngā tikanga tuku iho, te kounga me ngā āhuatanga ahuwhenua, engari he uaua te whakatu i ngā hanganga raka nui. "Hei whakatutuki i ngā whāinga whakaiti tukunga, me āwhina tonu ngā kaihokohoko rahi i ēnei kaiwhakarato ki te whakaiti i te waro." Ka taea e te mahi tahi te whakaiti i te utu me te tūponotanga o te panoni.

Hangarau me te Hanganga Tūāpapa

Ka whai wāhi nui hoki te hangarau, engari kei te whakatūpato a Rothwell i ngā umanga kia kaua e haumi matapo i mua i te whakapūmautanga o te tūāpapa. "Ko te hē e kitea whānuitia ana ko te kī a ngā umanga 'Kei te aro mātou ki te AI', engari kāore e mārama ki te mea e hiahia ana rātou kia tutuki i te AI. Ko te mea tika: Me aha ahau mā te AI? Kua rite āku raraunga? Me pēhea te hanga i runga i tēnei?"

Ko tana tohutohu ki ngā umanga kai kia timata takamua te whakarite. "Me whakatakoto te tūāpapa ināianei: whakaritea ngā raraunga, arotakea ngā ira raraunga, whakaurua ngā mātāpono pono raraunga kaha, kia ma ngā rerenga raraunga i ngā wāhi whakatau matua o te rautaki whakaputa." Ka whakatūpato hoki ia, i te pikinga o te hononga o te rautaki whakaputa, ka huri te tūponotanga haumaru ipurangi hei pūtake pakaru hōu. Ka taea e te hangarau te whakapiki i te whaihua, engari ka hanga hoki i ngā wāhi whakaraerae hōu.

E whakaaro ana a Rothwell, ko ngā umanga angitu ko ērā e taea ana te whakataurite i te haumi ki te whaihua me te haumi ki te pakari. "Me timata te mahi whakamahere ināianei." Ko te rautaki whakaputa kai ā muri ake nei e kore e pā ki te hunga e taea ana te whakahaere i a rātou anō i runga i te whaihua, engari ka whakawhirinaki pea ki te hunga e taea ana te whakahaere i te whatunga mahi tahi tino kaha huri noa i a rātou.

Pānga o te Ahumahi## Ngā Pānga Ahumahi

Ko te tauira mahi tahi me te tiri ka whai pānga nui ki te whaihua o te mahi ahuwhenua: mā te tiri i ngā pūhiko utu waka, ngā whare putunga me ngā rauemi kawe, ka taea e ngā pāmu iti me ngā kaiwhakarato te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere, te whakapiki ake i te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu, nā reira ka piki te whaihua o te mekameka tuku katoa. Mō te tikanga whakahaere pāmu, kāore ngā kaiwhakaputa iti e hiahia ki te whakangao i ā rātou ake moni ki ngā hanganga tūtao utu nui, engari ka uru ki te whatunga tiri mā te mahi tahi me ngā kaihoko rahi, ngā kamupene kawe waka rānei, kia aro ai ki te whakaputa. Ka taea te whakarerekē i te hanganga kaimahi ahuwhenua nā te aunoatanga o te whakahaere rawa me te whakaritenga matihiko, ka whakakapihia ētahi tūranga kawe waka tawhito e te hangarau, engari ka puta mai ngā tūranga whakahaere raraunga me te ruruku whatunga. Ka kaha ake te manawaroa o te mekameka kai, ka taea e te whatunga tiri te tāwhara i ngā tūraru, e kore e taka te mekameka katoa nā te pakaru o tētahi pito kotahi. Mō ngā utu kai, mō te wā roa, ko te whakapiki ake i te whaihua me te tohatoha utu ka āwhina ki te ārai i te pikinga o ngā utu. Ka huri te aronga o te haumi ahuwhenua ki ngā hanganga tiri, ngā papaaho matihiko me ngā rauemi kawe pūngao ma. I roto i te tauira hokohoko ao, ko ngā rohe e whai painga ana ki te whatunga tiri ka kaha ake te kukume i ngā haumi tukatuka kai me te tohatoha. Mō te whakawhanaketanga ahuwhenua tauwhiro, ka taea e te tiri i te whatunga utu waka taraka hiko te whakaiti i te tukunga waro, te akiaki i te whakatutukinga o ngā whāinga whakaheke waro.

Ngā Tirohanga ā-Muri

I roto i ngā tau 3-5 e heke mai nei, ka aro ngā aronga whakawhanake hangarau ahuwhenua ki ngā papaaho mahi tahi mekameka tuku me ngā pūnaha whakaritenga kawe waka atamai. Ka whānui haere te aunoatanga ahuwhenua mai i te aunoatanga o te pāmu kotahi ki te aunoatanga o te mekameka tuku katoa, tae atu ki ngā karetao putunga tiri, ngā waka taraka whakahaere whaiaro, me ērā atu. He whānui te tūmanako mō te whakamahinga AI i roto i te ahuwhenua, he tino mahi ki te matapae hiahia, te whakapai ara, te ruruku rauemi tiri. Ka akiaki te pikinga o te hiahia kai o te ao i te whakapiki ake o te whaihua mekameka tuku, ā, ko te tauira mahi tahi me te tiri te mea e tika ana hei whakautu ki te pēhanga o te pikinga rua o te hiahia kai i te tau 2050. Ka huri ngā wāhi haumi kapita ahuwhenua mai i ngā taputapu whakaputa kotahi ki ngā hanganga matihiko me ngā rawa ā-kawe mahi tahi. Mō ngā auahatanga hangarau kai, ko ngā pūmua whakakapi me ngā māra poutū ka nui ake te whakawhirinaki ki ngā mekameka tuku tiri ngāwari, kaua ki ngā hanganga taumaha tuku iho.