Te rangatiratanga kai i roto i ngā raruraru o te ao e tāpiri ana: He anga mahi mō ngā pūnaha kai totiū

Te rangatiratanga o ngā kai i raro i ngā raru o te ao e inaki ana: he anga mahi mō ngā pūnaha kai whakapūmau

Kupu taituarā: E whatu ana te panonitanga o te āhuarangi, ngā pakanga me te mate urutā, ā, he wero nahanaha tēnei ki te kaha tū mārō o ngā pūnaha kai o te ao

> Te kupu arataki: Kei te piki haere te matekai o te ao; neke atu i te 733 miriona ngā tāngata e hiakai ana i ia rā. Ko te panonitanga o te āhuarangi, ngā pakanga mau rākau, te heke o te ōhanga me ngā pānga roa o te mate urutā, e whakakōpiri ana, e horo ana i ngā pūtake o ngā pūnaha kai. He kōrero kaupapa here me te whakaharatau i whakaputaina tata nei i *Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems* e hōpara pū ana i te pēheatanga o ngā raru e ngoikore ai te rangatiratanga o ngā kai, me te whakatakoto huarahi motuhake hei whakapakari i ngā pūnaha kai kia mārō.

Kōrero matua

Kei te pāngia ngā pūnaha kai o te ao e ngā pēhitanga matatini kāore anō i pēnei. E ai ki ngā whakatau tata hou a te FAO me ētahi atu, neke atu i te 733 miriona ngā tāngata o te ao kāore e whiwhi kai rawaka i ia rā. E ai ki te Tohu Matekai o te Ao, e 9 ngā whenua kei te taumata matekai tino kino, ā, e 34 atu anō ngā whenua e pā ana ki te matekai "kino", ko ēnei whenua katoa kei te tonga o te ao. He iti iho i te rima tau te tawhiti o tēnei āhuatanga i te rā whakamutunga o ngā whāinga whanake whakapūmau 2030 ki te whakakore i te matekai, engari kua puta tētahi āhua hokinga whakamuri whakawehi.

Ko te panonitanga o te āhuarangi, ngā pakanga mau rākau, te heke o te ōhanga me ngā pānga o muri i te mate urutā, ehara i te mea he raru motuhake anō, engari e mahi tahi ana i runga i te āhua taupua me te pūmau, hei whakakino i te mahi o ngā pūnaha kai. Otirā mō ngā rohe o Āwherika ki te tonga o te koraha o Sahara me te tonga o Āhia, nā te whakaraerae o te hanganga, he uaua ake mō ēnei rohe te tū mārō ki ngā pānga me te ora ake i ngā raru. Nā te nui o ngā huarere tino kino, ngā pakanga ā-rohe, me te kōruketanga o ngā mākete o te ao, kei te memenge haere te rārangi i waenga i te "āhua noa" me te "mōrearea" mō ngā pūnaha kai.

I roto i tēnei horopaki, ka kaha ake te hiranga o te ariā o te rangatiratanga o ngā kai (Food Sovereignty). Ehara i te mea e pā ana ki te wātea noa o te kai, engari he pātai mō te mana whakahaere o te pūnaha kai: mā wai e whakatau he aha ka whakatipuria, pēhea te whakatipu, kei hea e tohatoha ai, ā, ko wai e whai hua? I roto i ngā raru, ko te kaha whakahaere me te wāhi kaupapa here te mea tuatahi e pāngia kino ai, ā, ko tēnei ariā he whakaū anō i te mana whakahaere o te pūnaha.

• He kōrero kaupapa here me te whakaharatau i whakaputaina i *Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems*, i whakamahi i te tikanga arotake kōrero kua hanganga, i whakakotahi i ngā rangahau kua arotakehia e ngā hoa, ngā pūrongo kaupapa here, me ngā tuhinga kāore i te arotakehia, ā, i hanga e rima ngā ara whakawhiti raru e hono ana:- Te whiwhi rawa whakaputa: Ko te hekenga o te wātea o te whenua, te wai, ngā kākano me ngā pūtea, ka whakahekehia tōtika te kaha whakaputa o ngā kaipāmu iti.
• Te kaha whakaputa me te manawaroa o te ahuwhenua hauropi: Ko te mahi māra kotahi anake me ngā tikanga ahumahi, ka kaha ake te whakaraerae ki ngā pānga huarere, engari ko te ahuwhenua hauropi me ngā pūnaha kanorau, he kaha ake te ārai.
• Te hokohoko, te mākete me te āheitanga ōhanga: Nā ngā whakararu o ngā mekameka whakarato ā-ao me te pāorooro o ngā utu, ka nui ake te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kawemai i ngā rohe rawakore, ā, ka whakaraerae haere te whiwhi kai.
• Te kai me te tōtika: Nā te hekenga o ngā moni whiwhi me te pikinga o ngā utu kai, ka akiakihia ngā whānau ki te kōwhiri i ngā kai iti te utu engari kāore e tōtika, ā, ka kino ake te mate kore tōtika.
• Te kāwanatanga me te kaha umanga: Ko te iti o te kaha umanga me te pirau, ka ārai i te urupare me te ruruku whaihua, ā, ka whakanuia ake ngā pānga o te raruraru.

Kāore ēnei ara e mahi motuhake ana, engari ka hanga i te huringa kino i roto i ngā raruraru. Hei tauira, ko ngā pānga huarere ka heke te whakaputanga, ka piki ngā utu kai, ka ngoikore te kaha hoko, kātahi ka kino ake te mate kore tōtika, me te whakaheke anō i te kaha mahi o ngā kaimahi, ā, ka whakaiti ake i te kaha whakaora ōhanga. Ki ngā wāhi kāore he kāwanatanga whaihua, ka whakatere ake te kore i te pūmau o te pāpori nā te kore ōrite o te tohatoha rawa me te ngoikore o te urupare ohorere.

Te Pānga Ahumahi

Ko tēnei raruraru matatini kei te waihanga anō i te aronga whakahaere o te ahumahi ahuwhenua me te kai. Tuatahi, ka tino herea te whaihua o te whakaputa—nā te nui haere o ngā huarere tino kino, kāore e taea te matapae ngā huringa ahuwhenua tuku iho, ā, ka pāngia tōtika ngā hua me ngā moni whiwhi. Kua tīmata ngā tauira whakahaere pāmu ki te huri ki te ara manawaroa ake, ā, kua nui ake te aro ki te whakatō kanorau, te ahuwhenua hauropi, me ngā hangarau penapena wai.

Tuarua, kei te rerekē hoki te hanganga o te kaimahi ahuwhenua. Nā te raruraru i heke ai ngā kaimahi taitamariki, ā, kei te pā te rāngai ahuwhenua ki te kore kaimahi, ā, kua nui ake te āheitanga whakamahi o ngā hangarau pēnei i te mahi aunoa, te ahuwhenua tōtika, me ngā karetao ahuwhenua. Ahakoa kei ngā ōhanga whakawhanake tonu te nuinga o ēnei hangarau i tēnei wā, kāore e taea te wareware te tūranga o ēnei hangarau ki te whakaiti i te pēhia kaimahi me te whakapai ake i te kaha urupare ki ngā huarere tino kino.

I te taumata o te mekameka whakarato, kua kitea katoatia te ngoikore o te mekameka whakarato kai ā-ao. He maha ngā whenua i whakakaha ake i ngā here kaweake ki te tiaki i te whakarato ā-roto, engari i kaha ake ai te pāorooro o ngā utu i te mākete ao. Ka tuku whakararo te pēhia o ngā utu kai, ka puta i te taha kaihoko me te taha hokohoko kai. Nā tēnei ka huri te aronga o te haumi ahuwhenua—mai i te whāinga noa ki te whakatipu hua, ki te haumi i ngā hanganga urutau huarere, te hauora oneone, me ngā pūnaha whakarato ā-rohe.

Mai i te tirohanga whānui ake, ka taea anō te whakatika i te tauira hokohoko ā-ao. Ka nui ake te aro o ngā whenua e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kawemai kai ki ngā rāhui rautaki me te mahi tahi ā-rohe, engari ka noho ngā whenua kaweake kai ki mua i ngā whakataunga kaupapa here. Kua whakaurua ngā take o te whanaketanga tauwhiro ki roto i ngā kōrero mō te hokohoko kai, ā, ko ngā mahi pēnei i te ahuwhenua waro me te ahuwhenua whakaora, kua riro i a rātou te manakohia o ngā kaupapa here me ngā pūtea.

Tirohanga ā-Mua## Ngā Tirohanga ā Muri

I te 3 ki te 5 tau e heke mai, ka uru te pūnaha kai o te ao ki tētahi wā urutau matua. Ka kaha ake te tūranga o te hangarau ahuwhenua (AgriTech) ki te whakapakari i te manawaroa o ngā pūnaha kai. Ko te ahuwhenua tōtika, te AI ahuwhenua me ngā papa raraunga e tūmanakohia ana hei āwhina i ngā kaipāmu ki te whakahaere i ngā koretake me ngā herenga rawa kia whaihua ake. Kua whakaatu kētia e te whakamākū atamai, te aroturuki topa me ngā pūoko oneone te kaha ki te pupuri i ngā hua i roto i te tauraki me te āhuarangi tino kino.

He mea nui hoki, ko te aranga ake o te hangarau kai (FoodTech) me te ahumahi pūmua whakakapi, ka āhei pea ki te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki te ahuwhenua tuku iho me te whakaheke i ngā tūpono o te mekameka tuku. Ko te mīti whakatipu pūtau, ngā kai tipu me ngā hangarau tukatuka kai hou, e whakarerekē ana i te āhua o te waihanga uara kai. Heoi, kei te herea tonu te horapa whānui o ēnei hangarau e te utu, ngā ture me te whakaae a ngā kaihoko.

Ko te Ahuwhenua Whakaora (Regenerative Agriculture), hei mahi e whakaora ana i te hauora o te oneone, e whakarei ake ana i te kanorau koiora me te tautu waro, e kitea ana e tokomaha o ngā kaihanga kaupapa here he ara nui mō te urutaunga āhuarangi mō te wā roa. Ko tōna ngako, ko te hurihanga o te ahuwhenua mai i te puna tukunga waro ki te tārua waro, me te whakapakari tonu i te manawaroa o te taiao.

Kei te puta ngā rerekētanga mārama i roto i ngā rerenga moni whakapaipai. Kua tīmata ngā pēke taha-maha, ngā pūtea āhuarangi me ngā kaihaumi tūmataiti ki te whakauru i ngā paearu taiao, pāpori me te mana whakahaere (ESG) ki roto i ngā whakataunga haumi, ā, kua kaha ake te whai wāhi pūtea a ngā kaupapa hanganga ahuwhenua me ngā kaupapa urutaunga āhuarangi. I te tahi wā, kei te piki haere te hiahia kai o te ao nā te tipunga taupori, inā koa i ngā whenua whanake, ā, me whakarite ngā mekameka tuku hua ahuwhenua ā ngā rā kei mua i te nui o ngā kai, te kounga me te toitūtanga.

Kupu Whakamutunga

Kua hurahia e te mōrearea o te ao ngā hē hōhonu o te pūnaha kai o nāianei. Ko te rangatiratanga kai ehara i te mea e pā ana ki te nui o ngā hua, te hokohoko rānei, engari e pā ana ki te hunga whai mana ki te whakatau i te whakahaeretanga o te pūnaha kai. I raro i ngā pēhitanga tahi mai i te panonitanga o te āhuarangi, te pakanga me te hūkiki ohaoha, me whai ngā whenua o Te Tonga o te Ao i tētahi pūnaha kai e kaha ake ana te mana motuhake me te manawaroa. Ehara tēnei i te mea ka tutuki mā te hangarau ahuwhenua anake, engari mā te whakatikatika i ngā whakahaere, te hurihanga o ngā haumi me te mahi tahi ā-ao.

E ai ki tēnei arotakenga, ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga Kore-Hiakai i roto i Ngā Whāinga Whanaketanga Toitū, me noho ngā rōpū katoa — ngā whenua whai rawa, ngā kāwanatanga o Te Tonga o te Ao, ngā umanga taha-maha, ngā whakahaere manaaki tangata, ngā kaihaumi me ngā pakihi — ki te kawe i te nui ake o te kawenga i roto i ō rātou mana. E toe ana iho i te rima tau ki te tau 2030, ā, kua waiho te mahi pūnaha hei herenga ā-ao whakahohoro.

(I tuhia tēnei tuhinga i runga i tētahi arotakenga kaupapa here me ngā mahi i arotakehia e hoa i whakaputaina i Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems; kei te whakamutunga ngā kōrero mō te tuhinga taketake.)